withConverter()
使用的转换器,用于将 AppModelType
类型的用户对象转换为 DbModelType
类型的 Firestore 数据。
借助转换器,您可以在从 Firestore 存储和检索对象时指定泛型类型参数。
在这种情况下,“AppModel”是在应用中使用,用于将相关信息和功能打包在一起的类。例如,此类类可能包含复杂的嵌套数据类型、用于记忆的属性、Firestore 不支持的类型的属性(例如 symbol
和 bigint
),以及执行复合操作的辅助函数。此类类不适合和/或无法存储到 Firestore 数据库中。需要将此类类的实例转换为“普通的旧 JavaScript 对象”(POJO) 只具有完全基本的属性,可能嵌套在其他 POJO 或 POJO 数组中。在此上下文中,这种类型称为“DbModel”并且会是一个适合持久保存到 Firestore 的对象。为方便起见,应用可以实现 FirestoreDataConverter
并使用 Firestore 对象(例如 DocumentReference
或 Query
)注册转换器,以便在存储到 Firestore 时自动将 AppModel
转换为 DbModel
,并在从 Firestore 检索时将 DbModel
转换为 AppModel
。
签名:
export declare interface FirestoreDataConverter<AppModelType, DbModelType extends DocumentData = DocumentData>
方法
方法 | 说明 |
---|---|
fromFirestore(快照, 选项) | 由 Firestore SDK 调用,用于将 Firestore 数据转换为 AppModelType 类型的对象。您可以通过调用 snapshot.data(options) 来访问数据。通常,从 snapshot.data() 返回的数据可以转换为 DbModelType ;但是,无法保证这一点,因为 Firestore 不会在数据库上强制执行架构。例如,从以前版本的应用写入或从不使用类型转换器的其他客户端写入,可能会写入具有不同属性和/或属性类型的数据。实现需要选择是从不符合要求的数据中正常恢复,还是抛出错误。如需替换此方法,请参阅 . |
toFirestore(modelObject) | 由 Firestore SDK 调用,用于将 AppModelType 类型的自定义模型对象转换为 DbModelType 类型的普通 JavaScript 对象(适合直接写入 Firestore 数据库)。如需将 set() 与 merge 和 mergeFields 搭配使用,必须使用 PartialWithFieldValue<AppModelType> 定义 toFirestore() 。WithFieldValue<T> 类型扩展 T ,以允许将 FieldValues(例如 deleteField())用作属性值。 |
toFirestore(modelObject, options) | 由 Firestore SDK 调用,用于将 AppModelType 类型的自定义模型对象转换为 DbModelType 类型的普通 JavaScript 对象(适合直接写入 Firestore 数据库)。与 setDoc() 以及 merge:true 或 mergeFields 结合使用。PartialWithFieldValue<T> 类型扩展 Partial<T> ,以允许将 FieldValues(如 arrayUnion())用作属性值。它还通过允许省略嵌套字段来支持嵌套的 Partial 。 |
FirestoreDataConverter.fromFirestore()
由 Firestore SDK 调用,用于将 Firestore 数据转换为 AppModelType
类型的对象。您可以通过以下电话号码访问您的数据:snapshot.data(options)
。
通常,从 snapshot.data()
返回的数据可转换为 DbModelType
;但是,无法保证这一点,因为 Firestore 不会在数据库上强制执行架构。例如,从以前版本的应用写入或从不使用类型转换器的其他客户端写入,可能会写入具有不同属性和/或属性类型的数据。实现需要选择是从不符合要求的数据中正常恢复,还是抛出错误。
要覆盖此方法,请参见 。
签名:
fromFirestore(snapshot: QueryDocumentSnapshot<DocumentData, DocumentData>, options?: SnapshotOptions): AppModelType;
参数
参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
快照 | QueryDocumentSnapshot<DocumentData、DocumentData> | 包含您的数据和元数据的 QueryDocumentSnapshot 。 |
选项 | SnapshotOptions | 从对 data() 的初始调用开始的 SnapshotOptions 。 |
返回:
应用模型类型
FirestoreDataConverter.toFirestore()
由 Firestore SDK 调用,用于将 AppModelType
类型的自定义模型对象转换为 DbModelType
类型的普通 JavaScript 对象(适合直接写入 Firestore 数据库)。如需将 set()
与 merge
和 mergeFields
搭配使用,必须使用 PartialWithFieldValue<AppModelType>
定义 toFirestore()
。
WithFieldValue<T>
类型扩展 T
,以允许将 FieldValues(例如 deleteField())用作属性值。
签名:
toFirestore(modelObject: WithFieldValue<AppModelType>): WithFieldValue<DbModelType>;
参数
参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
modelObject | WithFieldValue<AppModelType> |
返回:
WithFieldValue<DbModelType>
FirestoreDataConverter.toFirestore()
由 Firestore SDK 调用,用于将 AppModelType
类型的自定义模型对象转换为 DbModelType
类型的普通 JavaScript 对象(适合直接写入 Firestore 数据库)。与 setDoc() 以及 merge:true
或 mergeFields
结合使用。
PartialWithFieldValue<T>
类型扩展 Partial<T>
,以允许将 FieldValues(如 arrayUnion())用作属性值。它还通过允许省略嵌套字段来支持嵌套的 Partial
。
签名:
toFirestore(modelObject: PartialWithFieldValue<AppModelType>, options: SetOptions): PartialWithFieldValue<DbModelType>;
参数
参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
modelObject | PartialWithFieldValue<AppModelType> | |
选项 | SetOptions |
返回:
PartialWithFieldValue<DbModelType>
示例
简单示例
const numberConverter = {
toFirestore(value: WithFieldValue<number>) {
return { value };
},
fromFirestore(snapshot: QueryDocumentSnapshot, options: SnapshotOptions) {
return snapshot.data(options).value as number;
}
};
async function simpleDemo(db: Firestore): Promise<void> {
const documentRef = doc(db, 'values/value123').withConverter(numberConverter);
// converters are used with `setDoc`, `addDoc`, and `getDoc`
await setDoc(documentRef, 42);
const snapshot1 = await getDoc(documentRef);
assertEqual(snapshot1.data(), 42);
// converters are not used when writing data with `updateDoc`
await updateDoc(documentRef, { value: 999 });
const snapshot2 = await getDoc(documentRef);
assertEqual(snapshot2.data(), 999);
}
高级示例
// The Post class is a model that is used by our application.
// This class may have properties and methods that are specific
// to our application execution, which do not need to be persisted
// to Firestore.
class Post {
constructor(
readonly title: string,
readonly author: string,
readonly lastUpdatedMillis: number
) {}
toString(): string {
return `${this.title} by ${this.author}`;
}
}
// The PostDbModel represents how we want our posts to be stored
// in Firestore. This DbModel has different properties (`ttl`,
// `aut`, and `lut`) from the Post class we use in our application.
interface PostDbModel {
ttl: string;
aut: { firstName: string; lastName: string };
lut: Timestamp;
}
// The `PostConverter` implements `FirestoreDataConverter` and specifies
// how the Firestore SDK can convert `Post` objects to `PostDbModel`
// objects and vice versa.
class PostConverter implements FirestoreDataConverter<Post, PostDbModel> {
toFirestore(post: WithFieldValue<Post>): WithFieldValue<PostDbModel> {
return {
ttl: post.title,
aut: this._autFromAuthor(post.author),
lut: this._lutFromLastUpdatedMillis(post.lastUpdatedMillis)
};
}
fromFirestore(snapshot: QueryDocumentSnapshot, options: SnapshotOptions): Post {
const data = snapshot.data(options) as PostDbModel;
const author = `${data.aut.firstName} ${data.aut.lastName}`;
return new Post(data.ttl, author, data.lut.toMillis());
}
_autFromAuthor(
author: string | FieldValue
): { firstName: string; lastName: string } | FieldValue {
if (typeof author !== 'string') {
// `author` is a FieldValue, so just return it.
return author;
}
const [firstName, lastName] = author.split(' ');
return {firstName, lastName};
}
_lutFromLastUpdatedMillis(
lastUpdatedMillis: number | FieldValue
): Timestamp | FieldValue {
if (typeof lastUpdatedMillis !== 'number') {
// `lastUpdatedMillis` must be a FieldValue, so just return it.
return lastUpdatedMillis;
}
return Timestamp.fromMillis(lastUpdatedMillis);
}
}
async function advancedDemo(db: Firestore): Promise<void> {
// Create a `DocumentReference` with a `FirestoreDataConverter`.
const documentRef = doc(db, 'posts/post123').withConverter(new PostConverter());
// The `data` argument specified to `setDoc()` is type checked by the
// TypeScript compiler to be compatible with `Post`. Since the `data`
// argument is typed as `WithFieldValue<Post>` rather than just `Post`,
// this allows properties of the `data` argument to also be special
// Firestore values that perform server-side mutations, such as
// `arrayRemove()`, `deleteField()`, and `serverTimestamp()`.
await setDoc(documentRef, {
title: 'My Life',
author: 'Foo Bar',
lastUpdatedMillis: serverTimestamp()
});
// The TypeScript compiler will fail to compile if the `data` argument to
// `setDoc()` is _not_ compatible with `WithFieldValue<Post>`. This
// type checking prevents the caller from specifying objects with incorrect
// properties or property values.
// @ts-expect-error "Argument of type { ttl: string; } is not assignable
// to parameter of type WithFieldValue<Post>"
await setDoc(documentRef, { ttl: 'The Title' });
// When retrieving a document with `getDoc()` the `DocumentSnapshot`
// object's `data()` method returns a `Post`, rather than a generic object,
// which would have been returned if the `DocumentReference` did _not_ have a
// `FirestoreDataConverter` attached to it.
const snapshot1: DocumentSnapshot<Post> = await getDoc(documentRef);
const post1: Post = snapshot1.data()!;
if (post1) {
assertEqual(post1.title, 'My Life');
assertEqual(post1.author, 'Foo Bar');
}
// The `data` argument specified to `updateDoc()` is type checked by the
// TypeScript compiler to be compatible with `PostDbModel`. Note that
// unlike `setDoc()`, whose `data` argument must be compatible with `Post`,
// the `data` argument to `updateDoc()` must be compatible with
// `PostDbModel`. Similar to `setDoc()`, since the `data` argument is typed
// as `WithFieldValue<PostDbModel>` rather than just `PostDbModel`, this
// allows properties of the `data` argument to also be those special
// Firestore values, like `arrayRemove()`, `deleteField()`, and
// `serverTimestamp()`.
await updateDoc(documentRef, {
'aut.firstName': 'NewFirstName',
lut: serverTimestamp()
});
// The TypeScript compiler will fail to compile if the `data` argument to
// `updateDoc()` is _not_ compatible with `WithFieldValue<PostDbModel>`.
// This type checking prevents the caller from specifying objects with
// incorrect properties or property values.
// @ts-expect-error "Argument of type { title: string; } is not assignable
// to parameter of type WithFieldValue<PostDbModel>"
await updateDoc(documentRef, { title: 'New Title' });
const snapshot2: DocumentSnapshot<Post> = await getDoc(documentRef);
const post2: Post = snapshot2.data()!;
if (post2) {
assertEqual(post2.title, 'My Life');
assertEqual(post2.author, 'NewFirstName Bar');
}
}