firebase_admin.db module

Firebase Realtime Database module.

This module contains functions and classes that facilitate interacting with the Firebase Realtime Database. It supports basic data manipulation operations, as well as complex queries such as limit queries and range queries. However, it does not support realtime update notifications. This module uses the Firebase REST API underneath.

Exceptions

TransactionAbortedError exception firebase_admin.db.TransactionAbortedError(message)
Bases: AbortedError A transaction was aborted aftr exceeding the maximum number of retries.

Classes

Event class firebase_admin.db.Event(sse_event)
Bases: object Represents a realtime update event received from the database. property data Parsed JSON data of this event. property event_type Event type string (put, patch). property path Path of the database reference that triggered this event.

ListenerRegistration class firebase_admin.db.ListenerRegistration(callback, sse)
Bases: object Represents the addition of an event listener to a database reference. close() Stops the event listener represented by this registration This closes the SSE HTTP connection, and joins the background thread.

Query class firebase_admin.db.Query(**kwargs)

Bases: object Represents a complex query that can be executed on a Reference. Complex queries can consist of up to 2 components: a required ordering constraint, and an optional filtering constraint. At the server, data is first sorted according to the given ordering constraint (e.g. order by child). Then the filtering constraint (e.g. limit, range) is applied on the sorted data to produce the final result. Despite the ordering constraint, the final result is returned by the server as an unordered collection. Therefore the Query interface performs another round of sorting at the client-side before returning the results to the caller. This client-side sorted results are returned to the user as a Python OrderedDict. end_at(end) Sets the upper bound for a range query. The Query will only return child nodes with a value less than or equal to the specified value. Parameters: end – JSON-serializable value to end at, inclusive. Returns: The updated Query instance. Return type: Query Raises: ValueError – If the value is None. equal_to(value) Sets an equals constraint on the Query. The Query will only return child nodes whose value is equal to the specified value. Parameters: value – JSON-serializable value to query for. Returns: The updated Query instance. Return type: Query Raises: ValueError – If the value is None. get() Executes this Query and returns the results. The results will be returned as a sorted list or an OrderedDict. Returns: Decoded JSON result of the Query. Return type: object Raises: FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. limit_to_first(limit) Creates a query with limit, and anchors it to the start of the window. Parameters: limit – The maximum number of child nodes to return. Returns: The updated Query instance. Return type: Query Raises: ValueError – If the value is not an integer, or set_limit_last() was called previously. limit_to_last(limit) Creates a query with limit, and anchors it to the end of the window. Parameters: limit – The maximum number of child nodes to return. Returns: The updated Query instance. Return type: Query Raises: ValueError – If the value is not an integer, or set_limit_first() was called previously. start_at(start) Sets the lower bound for a range query. The Query will only return child nodes with a value greater than or equal to the specified value. Parameters: start – JSON-serializable value to start at, inclusive. Returns: The updated Query instance. Return type: Query Raises: ValueError – If the value is None.

Reference class firebase_admin.db.Reference(**kwargs)

Bases: object Reference represents a node in the Firebase realtime database. child(path) Returns a Reference to the specified child node. The path may point to an immediate child of the current Reference, or a deeply nested child. Child paths must not begin with ‘/’. Parameters: path – Path to the child node. Returns: A database Reference representing the specified child node. Return type: Reference Raises: ValueError – If the child path is not a string, not well-formed or begins with ‘/’. delete() Deletes this node from the database. Raises: FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. get(etag=False, shallow=False) Returns the value, and optionally the ETag, at the current location of the database. Parameters: etag – A boolean indicating whether the Etag value should be returned or not (optional). shallow – A boolean indicating whether to execute a shallow read (optional). Shallow reads do not retrieve the child nodes of the current database location. Cannot be set to True if etag is also set to True. Returns: If etag is False returns the decoded JSON value of the current database location. If etag is True, returns a 2-tuple consisting of the decoded JSON value and the Etag associated with the current database location. Return type: object Raises: ValueError – If both etag and shallow are set to True. FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. get_if_changed(etag) Gets data in this location only if the specified ETag does not match. Parameters: etag – The ETag value to be checked against the ETag of the current location. Returns: A 3-tuple consisting of a boolean, a decoded JSON value and an ETag. If the ETag specified by the caller did not match, the boolen value will be True and the JSON and ETag values would reflect the corresponding values in the database. If the ETag matched, the boolean value will be False and the other elements of the tuple will be None. Return type: tuple Raises: ValueError – If the ETag is not a string. FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. listen(callback) Registers the callback function to receive realtime updates. The specified callback function will get invoked with db.Event objects for each realtime update received from the database. It will also get called whenever the SDK reconnects to the server due to network issues or credential expiration. In general, the OAuth2 credentials used to authorize connections to the server expire every hour. Therefore clients should expect the callback to fire at least once every hour, even if there are no updates in the database. This API is based on the event streaming support available in the Firebase REST API. Each call to listen() starts a new HTTP connection and a background thread. This is an experimental feature. It currently does not honor the auth overrides and timeout settings. Cannot be used in thread-constrained environments like Google App Engine. Parameters: callback – A function to be called when a data change is detected. Returns: An object that can be used to stop the event listener. Return type: ListenerRegistration Raises: FirebaseError – If an error occurs while starting the initial HTTP connection. order_by_child(path) Returns a Query that orders data by child values. Returned Query can be used to set additional parameters, and execute complex database queries (e.g. limit queries, range queries). Parameters: path – Path to a valid child of the current Reference. Returns: A database Query instance. Return type: Query Raises: ValueError – If the child path is not a string, not well-formed or None. order_by_key() Creates a Query that orderes data by key. Returned Query can be used to set additional parameters, and execute complex database queries (e.g. limit queries, range queries). Returns: A database Query instance. Return type: Query order_by_value() Creates a Query that orderes data by value. Returned Query can be used to set additional parameters, and execute complex database queries (e.g. limit queries, range queries). Returns: A database Query instance. Return type: Query push(value='') Creates a new child node. The optional value argument can be used to provide an initial value for the child node. If no value is provided, child node will have empty string as the default value. Parameters: value – JSON-serializable initial value for the child node (optional). Returns: A Reference representing the newly created child node. Return type: Reference Raises: ValueError – If the value is None. TypeError – If the value is not JSON-serializable. FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. set(value) Sets the data at this location to the given value. The value must be JSON-serializable and not None. Parameters: value – JSON-serializable value to be set at this location. Raises: ValueError – If the provided value is None. TypeError – If the value is not JSON-serializable. FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. set_if_unchanged(expected_etag, value) Conditonally sets the data at this location to the given value. Sets the data at this location to the given value only if expected_etag is same as the ETag value in the database. Parameters: expected_etag – Value of ETag we want to check. value – JSON-serializable value to be set at this location. Returns: A 3-tuple consisting of a boolean, a decoded JSON value and an ETag. The boolean indicates whether the set operation was successful or not. The decoded JSON and the ETag corresponds to the latest value in this database location. Return type: tuple Raises: ValueError – If the value is None, or if expected_etag is not a string. FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. transaction(transaction_update) Atomically modifies the data at this location. Unlike a normal set(), which just overwrites the data regardless of its previous state, transaction() is used to modify the existing value to a new value, ensuring there are no conflicts with other clients simultaneously writing to the same location. This is accomplished by passing an update function which is used to transform the current value of this reference into a new value. If another client writes to this location before the new value is successfully saved, the update function is called again with the new current value, and the write will be retried. In case of repeated failures, this method will retry the transaction up to 25 times before giving up and raising a TransactionAbortedError. The update function may also force an early abort by raising an exception instead of returning a value. Parameters: transaction_update – A function which will be passed the current data stored at this location. The function should return the new value it would like written. If an exception is raised, the transaction will be aborted, and the data at this location will not be modified. The exceptions raised by this function are propagated to the caller of the transaction method. Returns: New value of the current database Reference (only if the transaction commits). Return type: object Raises: TransactionAbortedError – If the transaction aborts after exhausting all retry attempts. ValueError – If transaction_update is not a function. update(value) Updates the specified child keys of this Reference to the provided values. Parameters: value – A dictionary containing the child keys to update, and their new values. Raises: ValueError – If value is empty or not a dictionary. FirebaseError – If an error occurs while communicating with the remote database server. property key property parent property path

Functions

reference firebase_admin.db.reference(path='/', app=None, url=None)

Returns a database Reference representing the node at the specified path. If no path is specified, this function returns a Reference that represents the database root. By default, the returned References provide access to the Firebase Database specified at app initialization. To connect to a different database instance in the same Firebase project, specify the url parameter. Parameters: path – Path to a node in the Firebase realtime database (optional). app – An App instance (optional). url – Base URL of the Firebase Database instance (optional). When specified, takes precedence over the the databaseURL option set at app initialization. Returns: A newly initialized Reference. Return type: Reference Raises: ValueError – If the specified path or app is invalid.