Recognize Landmarks Securely with Cloud Vision using Firebase Auth and Functions on Android

The Firebase ML Vision SDK for recognizing well-known landmarks in an image is now deprecated (See the outdated docs here). This page describes how, as an alternative to the deprecated SDK, you can call Cloud Vision APIs using Firebase Auth and Firebase Functions to allow only authenticated users to access the API.

In order to call a Google Cloud API from your app, you need to create an intermediate REST API that handles authorization and protects secret values such as API keys. You then need to write code in your mobile app to authenticate to and communicate with this intermediate service.

One way to create this REST API is by using Firebase Authentication and Functions, which gives you a managed, serverless gateway to Google Cloud APIs that handles authentication and can be called from your mobile app with pre-built SDKs.

This guide demonstrates how to use this technique to call the Cloud Vision API from your app. This method will allow all authenticated users to access Cloud Vision billed services through your Cloud project, so consider whether this auth mechanism is sufficient for your use case before proceeding.

Use of the Cloud Vision APIs is subject to the Google Cloud Platform License Agreement and Service Specific Terms, and billed accordingly. For billing information, see the Pricing page.

Before you begin

Configure your project

1. If you haven't already, add Firebase to your Android project.

2. If you have not already enabled Cloud-based APIs for your project, do so now:

   1. Open the Firebase ML APIs page of the Firebase console.

   2. If you have not already upgraded your project to the Blaze pricing plan, click Upgrade to do so. (You will be prompted to upgrade only if your project isn't on the Blaze plan.)

      Only Blaze-level projects can use Cloud-based APIs.

   3. If Cloud-based APIs aren't already enabled, click Enable Cloud-based APIs.
3. Configure your existing Firebase API keys to disallow access to the Cloud Vision API:
   1. Open the Credentials page of the Cloud console.
   2. For each API key in the list, open the editing view, and in the Key Restrictions section, add all of the available APIs except the Cloud Vision API to the list.

Deploy the callable function

Next, deploy the Cloud Function you will use to bridge your app and the Cloud Vision API. The functions-samples repository contains an example you can use.

By default, accessing the Cloud Vision API through this function will allow only authenticated users of your app access to the Cloud Vision API. You can modify the function for different requirements.

To deploy the function:

1. Clone or download the functions-samples repo and change to the Node-1st-gen/vision-annotate-image directory:

   git clone https://github.com/firebase/functions-samples
   cd Node-1st-gen/vision-annotate-image
   

2. Install dependencies:

   cd functions
   npm install
   cd ..
   

3. If you don't have the Firebase CLI, install it.
4. Initialize a Firebase project in the vision-annotate-image directory. When prompted, select your project in the list.

   firebase init

5. Deploy the function:

   firebase deploy --only functions:annotateImage

Add Firebase Auth to your app

The callable function deployed above will reject any request from non-authenticated users of your app. If you have not already done so, you will need to add Firebase Auth to your app.

Add necessary dependencies to your app

Add the dependencies for the Cloud Functions for Firebase (client) and gson Android libraries to your module (app-level) Gradle file (usually <project>/<app-module>/build.gradle.kts or <project>/<app-module>/build.gradle):

implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-functions:21.0.0")
implementation("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6")

1. Prepare the input image

In order to call Cloud Vision, the image must be formatted as a base64-encoded string. To process an image from a saved file URI:

1. Get the image as a Bitmap object:

   Kotlin+KTX

   var bitmap: Bitmap = MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(contentResolver, uri)
   

   Java

   Bitmap bitmap = MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(getContentResolver(), uri);

2. Optionally, scale down the image to save on bandwidth. See the Cloud Vision recommended image sizes.

   Kotlin+KTX

   private fun scaleBitmapDown(bitmap: Bitmap, maxDimension: Int): Bitmap {
       val originalWidth = bitmap.width
       val originalHeight = bitmap.height
       var resizedWidth = maxDimension
       var resizedHeight = maxDimension
       if (originalHeight > originalWidth) {
           resizedHeight = maxDimension
           resizedWidth =
               (resizedHeight * originalWidth.toFloat() / originalHeight.toFloat()).toInt()
       } else if (originalWidth > originalHeight) {
           resizedWidth = maxDimension
           resizedHeight =
               (resizedWidth * originalHeight.toFloat() / originalWidth.toFloat()).toInt()
       } else if (originalHeight == originalWidth) {
           resizedHeight = maxDimension
           resizedWidth = maxDimension
       }
       return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, resizedWidth, resizedHeight, false)
   }

   Java

   private Bitmap scaleBitmapDown(Bitmap bitmap, int maxDimension) {
       int originalWidth = bitmap.getWidth();
       int originalHeight = bitmap.getHeight();
       int resizedWidth = maxDimension;
       int resizedHeight = maxDimension;
   
       if (originalHeight > originalWidth) {
           resizedHeight = maxDimension;
           resizedWidth = (int) (resizedHeight * (float) originalWidth / (float) originalHeight);
       } else if (originalWidth > originalHeight) {
           resizedWidth = maxDimension;
           resizedHeight = (int) (resizedWidth * (float) originalHeight / (float) originalWidth);
       } else if (originalHeight == originalWidth) {
           resizedHeight = maxDimension;
           resizedWidth = maxDimension;
       }
       return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, resizedWidth, resizedHeight, false);
   }

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Scale down bitmap size
   bitmap = scaleBitmapDown(bitmap, 640)

   Java

   // Scale down bitmap size
   bitmap = scaleBitmapDown(bitmap, 640);

3. Convert the bitmap object to a base64 encoded string:

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Convert bitmap to base64 encoded string
   val byteArrayOutputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
   bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, byteArrayOutputStream)
   val imageBytes: ByteArray = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()
   val base64encoded = Base64.encodeToString(imageBytes, Base64.NO_WRAP)

   Java

   // Convert bitmap to base64 encoded string
   ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
   bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, byteArrayOutputStream);
   byte[] imageBytes = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
   String base64encoded = Base64.encodeToString(imageBytes, Base64.NO_WRAP);

The image represented by the Bitmap object must be upright, with no additional rotation required.

2. Invoke the callable function to recognize landmarks

To recognize landmarks in an image, invoke the callable function, passing a JSON Cloud Vision request.

1. First, initialize an instance of Cloud Functions:

   Kotlin+KTX

   private lateinit var functions: FirebaseFunctions
   // ...
   functions = Firebase.functions
   

   Java

   private FirebaseFunctions mFunctions;
   // ...
   mFunctions = FirebaseFunctions.getInstance();
   

2. Define a method for invoking the function:

   Kotlin+KTX

   private fun annotateImage(requestJson: String): Task<JsonElement> {
       return functions
           .getHttpsCallable("annotateImage")
           .call(requestJson)
           .continueWith { task ->
               // This continuation runs on either success or failure, but if the task
               // has failed then result will throw an Exception which will be
               // propagated down.
               val result = task.result?.data
               JsonParser.parseString(Gson().toJson(result))
           }
   }
   

   Java

   private Task<JsonElement> annotateImage(String requestJson) {
       return mFunctions
               .getHttpsCallable("annotateImage")
               .call(requestJson)
               .continueWith(new Continuation<HttpsCallableResult, JsonElement>() {
                   @Override
                   public JsonElement then(@NonNull Task<HttpsCallableResult> task) {
                       // This continuation runs on either success or failure, but if the task
                       // has failed then getResult() will throw an Exception which will be
                       // propagated down.
                       return JsonParser.parseString(new Gson().toJson(task.getResult().getData()));
                   }
               });
   }
   

3. Create a JSON request with Type LANDMARK_DETECTION:

   Kotlin+KTX

   // Create json request to cloud vision
   val request = JsonObject()
   // Add image to request
   val image = JsonObject()
   image.add("content", JsonPrimitive(base64encoded))
   request.add("image", image)
   // Add features to the request
   val feature = JsonObject()
   feature.add("maxResults", JsonPrimitive(5))
   feature.add("type", JsonPrimitive("LANDMARK_DETECTION"))
   val features = JsonArray()
   features.add(feature)
   request.add("features", features)
   

   Java

   // Create json request to cloud vision
   JsonObject request = new JsonObject();
   // Add image to request
   JsonObject image = new JsonObject();
   image.add("content", new JsonPrimitive(base64encoded));
   request.add("image", image);
   //Add features to the request
   JsonObject feature = new JsonObject();
   feature.add("maxResults", new JsonPrimitive(5));
   feature.add("type", new JsonPrimitive("LANDMARK_DETECTION"));
   JsonArray features = new JsonArray();
   features.add(feature);
   request.add("features", features);
   

4. Finally, invoke the function:

   Kotlin+KTX

   annotateImage(request.toString())
       .addOnCompleteListener { task ->
           if (!task.isSuccessful) {
               // Task failed with an exception
               // ...
           } else {
               // Task completed successfully
               // ...
           }
       }
   

   Java

   annotateImage(request.toString())
           .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<JsonElement>() {
               @Override
               public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<JsonElement> task) {
                   if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
                       // Task failed with an exception
                       // ...
                   } else {
                       // Task completed successfully
                       // ...
                   }
               }
           });
   

3. Get information about the recognized landmarks

If the landmark recognition operation succeeds, a JSON response of BatchAnnotateImagesResponse will be returned in the task's result. Each object in the landmarkAnnotations array represents a landmark that was recognized in the image. For each landmark, you can get its bounding coordinates in the input image, the landmark's name, its latitude and longitude, its Knowledge Graph entity ID (if available), and the confidence score of the match. For example:

Kotlin+KTX

for (label in task.result!!.asJsonArray[0].asJsonObject["landmarkAnnotations"].asJsonArray) {
    val labelObj = label.asJsonObject
    val landmarkName = labelObj["description"]
    val entityId = labelObj["mid"]
    val score = labelObj["score"]
    val bounds = labelObj["boundingPoly"]
    // Multiple locations are possible, e.g., the location of the depicted
    // landmark and the location the picture was taken.
    for (loc in labelObj["locations"].asJsonArray) {
        val latitude = loc.asJsonObject["latLng"].asJsonObject["latitude"]
        val longitude = loc.asJsonObject["latLng"].asJsonObject["longitude"]
    }
}

Java

for (JsonElement label : task.getResult().getAsJsonArray().get(0).getAsJsonObject().get("landmarkAnnotations").getAsJsonArray()) {
    JsonObject labelObj = label.getAsJsonObject();
    String landmarkName = labelObj.get("description").getAsString();
    String entityId = labelObj.get("mid").getAsString();
    float score = labelObj.get("score").getAsFloat();
    JsonObject bounds = labelObj.get("boundingPoly").getAsJsonObject();
    // Multiple locations are possible, e.g., the location of the depicted
    // landmark and the location the picture was taken.
    for (JsonElement loc : labelObj.get("locations").getAsJsonArray()) {
        JsonObject latLng = loc.getAsJsonObject().get("latLng").getAsJsonObject();
        double latitude = latLng.get("latitude").getAsDouble();
        double longitude = latLng.get("longitude").getAsDouble();
    }
}