Mit Sammlungen den Überblick behalten
Sie können Inhalte basierend auf Ihren Einstellungen speichern und kategorisieren.
Nachdem Sie eine Datei in Cloud Storage hochgeladen haben, können Sie auch die Dateimetadaten abrufen oder aktualisieren, z. B. um den Inhaltstyp zu aktualisieren. In Dateien können auch benutzerdefinierte Schlüssel/Wert-Paare mit zusätzlichen Dateimetadaten gespeichert werden.
Dateimetadaten abrufen
Dateimetadaten enthalten allgemeine Attribute wie name, size und contentType (oft als MIME-Typ bezeichnet) sowie einige weniger häufige Attribute wie contentDisposition und timeCreated. Diese Metadaten können mit der Methode getMetadata() aus einer Cloud Storage-Referenz abgerufen werden. getMetadata() gibt ein Promise mit den vollständigen Metadaten zurück oder einen Fehler, wenn das Promise abgelehnt wird.
Web
import{getStorage,ref,getMetadata}from"firebase/storage";// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrieveconststorage=getStorage();constforestRef=ref(storage,'images/forest.jpg');// Get metadata propertiesgetMetadata(forestRef).then((metadata)=>{// Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrievevarforestRef=storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');// Get metadata propertiesforestRef.getMetadata().then((metadata)=>{// Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
Sie können die Metadaten einer Datei jederzeit nach Abschluss des Dateiuploads mit der Methode updateMetadata() aktualisieren. Hier finden Sie eine vollständige Liste der Attribute, die aktualisiert werden können. Es werden nur die in den Metadaten angegebenen Attribute aktualisiert. Alle anderen bleiben unverändert. updateMetadata() gibt ein Promise mit den vollständigen Metadaten zurück oder einen Fehler, wenn das Promise abgelehnt wird.
Web
import{getStorage,ref,updateMetadata}from"firebase/storage";// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to changeconststorage=getStorage();constforestRef=ref(storage,'images/forest.jpg');// Create file metadata to updateconstnewMetadata={cacheControl:'public,max-age=300',contentType:'image/jpeg'};// Update metadata propertiesupdateMetadata(forestRef,newMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to changevarforestRef=storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');// Create file metadata to updatevarnewMetadata={cacheControl:'public,max-age=300',contentType:'image/jpeg'};// Update metadata propertiesforestRef.updateMetadata(newMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
Sie können eine Metadateneigenschaft löschen, indem Sie sie auf null setzen:
Web
import{getStorage,ref,updateMetadata}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();constforestRef=ref(storage,'images/forest.jpg');// Create file metadata with property to deleteconstdeleteMetadata={contentType:null};// Delete the metadata propertyupdateMetadata(forestRef,deleteMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// metadata.contentType should be null}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
// Create file metadata with property to deletevardeleteMetadata={contentType:null};// Delete the metadata propertyforestRef.updateMetadata(deleteMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// metadata.contentType should be null}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
Es gibt eine Reihe von Gründen, warum beim Abrufen oder Aktualisieren von Metadaten Fehler auftreten können. Dazu gehören, dass die Datei nicht vorhanden ist oder der Nutzer keine Berechtigung hat, auf die gewünschte Datei zuzugreifen. Weitere Informationen zu Fehlern finden Sie in der Dokumentation im Abschnitt Fehlerbehebung.
Benutzerdefinierte Metadaten
Sie können benutzerdefinierte Metadaten als Objekt mit String-Eigenschaften angeben.
Web
constmetadata={customMetadata:{'location':'Yosemite, CA, USA','activity':'Hiking'}};
Sie können benutzerdefinierte Metadaten verwenden, um zusätzliche appspezifische Daten für jede Datei zu speichern. Wir empfehlen jedoch dringend, eine Datenbank (z. B. Firebase Realtime Database) zum Speichern und Synchronisieren dieser Art von Daten zu verwenden.
Eigenschaften von Dateimetadaten
Eine vollständige Liste der Metadatenattribute für eine Datei finden Sie unten:
Attribut
Typ
Beschreibbar
bucket
String
NEIN
generation
String
NEIN
metageneration
String
NEIN
fullPath
String
NEIN
name
String
NEIN
size
number
NEIN
timeCreated
String
NEIN
updated
String
NEIN
md5Hash
String
JA beim Upload, NEIN bei updateMetadata
cacheControl
String
YES
contentDisposition
String
YES
contentEncoding
String
YES
contentLanguage
String
YES
contentType
String
YES
customMetadata
Objekt mit String->String-Zuordnungen
YES
Das Hochladen, Herunterladen und Aktualisieren von Dateien ist wichtig, aber auch das Entfernen von Dateien. Hier erfahren Sie, wie Sie Dateien aus Cloud Storage löschen.
[null,null,["Zuletzt aktualisiert: 2025-08-31 (UTC)."],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nAfter uploading a file to Cloud Storage reference, you can also get\nor update the file metadata, for example to update the content type. Files\ncan also store custom key/value pairs with additional file metadata.\n| **Note:** By default, a Cloud Storage for Firebase bucket requires Firebase Authentication to perform any action on the bucket's data or files. You can change your Firebase Security Rules for Cloud Storage to [allow unauthenticated access for specific situations](/docs/storage/security/rules-conditions#public). However, for most situations, we strongly recommend [restricting access and setting up robust security rules](/docs/storage/security/get-started) (especially for production apps). Note that if you use Google App Engine and have a default Cloud Storage bucket with a name format of `*.appspot.com`, you may need to consider [how your security rules impact access to App Engine files](/docs/storage/gcp-integration#security-rules-and-app-engine-files).\n\nGet File Metadata\n\nFile metadata contains common properties such as `name`, `size`, and\n`contentType` (often referred to as MIME type) in addition to some less\ncommon ones like `contentDisposition` and `timeCreated`. This metadata can be\nretrieved from a Cloud Storage reference using\nthe `getMetadata()` method. `getMetadata()` returns a `Promise` containing the\ncomplete metadata, or an error if the `Promise` rejects. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref, getMetadata } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrieve\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst forestRef = ref(storage, 'images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Get metadata properties\ngetMetadata(forestRef)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'\n })\n .catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_get_metadata.js#L8-L21\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrieve\nvar forestRef = storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Get metadata properties\nforestRef.getMetadata()\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'\n })\n .catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L8-L18\n```\n\nUpdate File Metadata\n\nYou can update file metadata at any time after the file upload completes by\nusing the `updateMetadata()` method. Refer to the\n[full list](#file_metadata_properties) for more information on what properties\ncan be updated. Only the properties specified in the metadata are updated,\nall others are left unmodified. `updateMetadata()` returns a `Promise`\ncontaining the complete metadata, or an error if the `Promise` rejects. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref, updateMetadata } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to change\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst forestRef = ref(storage, 'images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Create file metadata to update\nconst newMetadata = {\n cacheControl: 'public,max-age=300',\n contentType: 'image/jpeg'\n};\n\n// Update metadata properties\nupdateMetadata(forestRef, newMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_update_metadata.js#L8-L26\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to change\nvar forestRef = storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Create file metadata to update\nvar newMetadata = {\n cacheControl: 'public,max-age=300',\n contentType: 'image/jpeg'\n};\n\n// Update metadata properties\nforestRef.updateMetadata(newMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L26-L41\n```\n\nYou can delete a metadata property by setting it to `null`: \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref, updateMetadata } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst forestRef = ref(storage, 'images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Create file metadata with property to delete\nconst deleteMetadata = {\n contentType: null\n};\n\n// Delete the metadata property\nupdateMetadata(forestRef, deleteMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // metadata.contentType should be null\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_delete_metadata.js#L8-L24\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create file metadata with property to delete\nvar deleteMetadata = {\n contentType: null\n};\n\n// Delete the metadata property\nforestRef.updateMetadata(deleteMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // metadata.contentType should be null\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L50-L62\n```\n\nHandle Errors\n\nThere are a number of reasons why errors may occur on getting or updating\nmetadata, including the file not existing, or the user not having permission\nto access the desired file. More information on errors can be found in the\n[Handle Errors](/docs/storage/web/handle-errors)\nsection of the docs.\n\nCustom Metadata\n\nYou can specify custom metadata as an object containing `String` properties. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nconst metadata = {\n customMetadata: {\n 'location': 'Yosemite, CA, USA',\n 'activity': 'Hiking'\n }\n};https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_custom_metadata.js#L8-L13\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nvar metadata = {\n customMetadata: {\n 'location': 'Yosemite, CA, USA',\n 'activity': 'Hiking'\n }\n};https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L68-L73\n```\n\nYou can use custom metadata for storing additional app specific data for each\nfile, but we highly recommend using a database (such as the\n[Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database))\nto store and synchronize this type of data.\n\nFile Metadata Properties\n\nA full list of metadata properties on a file is available below:\n\n| Property | Type | Writable |\n|----------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|\n| `bucket` | string | NO |\n| `generation` | string | NO |\n| `metageneration` | string | NO |\n| `fullPath` | string | NO |\n| `name` | string | NO |\n| `size` | number | NO |\n| `timeCreated` | string | NO |\n| `updated` | string | NO |\n| `md5Hash` | string | YES on upload, NO on updateMetadata |\n| `cacheControl` | string | YES |\n| `contentDisposition` | string | YES |\n| `contentEncoding` | string | YES |\n| `contentLanguage` | string | YES |\n| `contentType` | string | YES |\n| `customMetadata` | Object containing string-\\\u003estring mappings | YES |\n\n| **Note:** at present, setting the `md5Hash` property on upload doesn't affect the upload, as hash verification is not yet implemented.\n\nUploading, downloading, and updating files is important, but so is being able\nto remove them. Let's learn how to\n[delete files](/docs/storage/web/delete-files)\nfrom Cloud Storage."]]