创建 Cloud Storage 引用 (Web)

您的文件存储在 Cloud Storage 存储分区中。此存储桶中的文件以分层结构存储,就像本地硬盘中的文件系统或 Firebase Realtime Database 中的数据一样。通过创建指向文件的引用,您的应用便可以访问相应文件。然后,借助所创建的这些引用,您可以上传或下载数据、获取或更新元数据,也可以删除文件。引用可以指向特定的文件,也可以指向层次结构中更高层级的节点。

如果您使用过 Firebase Realtime Database,应当很熟悉这些路径。只不过,您的文件数据存储在 Cloud Storage 中,而不是 Realtime Database 中。

创建引用

如需上传或下载文件、删除文件,或者获取或更新元数据,您必须创建对所要操作文件的引用。引用可以看作是指向云端文件的指针。由于引用属于轻型项目,因此您可以根据需要创建任意多个引用,而且它们可重复用于多个操作。

如需创建引用,请使用 getStorage() 获取 Storage 服务的实例,然后使用该服务作为参数来调用 ref()。此引用指向 Cloud Storage 存储桶的根目录。

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucket
const storage = getStorage();

// Create a storage reference from our storage service
const storageRef = ref(storage);

Web

// Get a reference to the storage service, which is used to create references in your storage bucket
var storage = firebase.storage();

// Create a storage reference from our storage service
var storageRef = storage.ref();

例如,您可以在调用 ref() 时将此路径作为第二个参数传递,以创建对树中较低位置的引用(例如 'images/space.jpg')。

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();

// Create a child reference
const imagesRef = ref(storage, 'images');
// imagesRef now points to 'images'

// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'
const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');
// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"
// imagesRef still points to "images"

Web

// Create a child reference
var imagesRef = storageRef.child('images');
// imagesRef now points to 'images'

// Child references can also take paths delimited by '/'
var spaceRef = storageRef.child('images/space.jpg');
// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg"
// imagesRef still points to "images"

您还可以使用 parentroot 属性在文件层次结构中向上导航。parent 可以向上导航一级,而 root 可以一直导航至根目录。

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');

// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference
const imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;
// imagesRef now points to 'images'

// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket
const rootRef = spaceRef.root;
// rootRef now points to the root

Web

// Parent allows us to move to the parent of a reference
var imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;
// imagesRef now points to 'images'

// Root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket
var rootRef = spaceRef.root;
// rootRef now points to the root

child()parentroot 可以链接在一起并链接多次,每次都会返回一个引用。rootparent 例外,它是 null

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');

// References can be chained together multiple times
const earthRef = ref(spaceRef.parent, 'earth.jpg');
// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'

// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null
const nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent;

Web

// References can be chained together multiple times
var earthRef = spaceRef.parent.child('earth.jpg');
// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'

// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null
var nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent;

引用的属性

您可以使用 fullPathnamebucket 属性查看引用,以便更好地了解它们指向的文件。这些属性可以获取文件的完整路径、文件的名称,以及存储文件的存储分区。

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
const spaceRef = ref(storage, 'images/space.jpg');

// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg'
// This is analogous to a file path on disk
spaceRef.fullPath;

// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg'
// This is analogous to the file name
spaceRef.name;

// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored
spaceRef.bucket;

Web

// Reference's path is: 'images/space.jpg'
// This is analogous to a file path on disk
spaceRef.fullPath;

// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: 'space.jpg'
// This is analogous to the file name
spaceRef.name;

// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket where files are stored
spaceRef.bucket;

引用的限制

引用路径和名称可以包含有效 Unicode 字符的任意序列,但也必须遵循一些限制,具体包括:

  1. 使用 UTF-8 编码时,reference.fullPath 的总长度必须介于 1 到 1024 个字节之间。
  2. 不得包含回车符或换行符。
  3. 避免使用 #[]*?,因为这些字符在 Firebase Realtime Databasegsutil 等其他工具中无法正常显示。

完整示例

Web

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();

// Points to the root reference
const storageRef = ref(storage);

// Points to 'images'
const imagesRef = ref(storageRef, 'images');

// Points to 'images/space.jpg'
// Note that you can use variables to create child values
const fileName = 'space.jpg';
const spaceRef = ref(imagesRef, fileName);

// File path is 'images/space.jpg'
const path = spaceRef.fullPath;

// File name is 'space.jpg'
const name = spaceRef.name;

// Points to 'images'
const imagesRefAgain = spaceRef.parent;

Web

// Points to the root reference
var storageRef = firebase.storage().ref();

// Points to 'images'
var imagesRef = storageRef.child('images');

// Points to 'images/space.jpg'
// Note that you can use variables to create child values
var fileName = 'space.jpg';
var spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);

// File path is 'images/space.jpg'
var path = spaceRef.fullPath;

// File name is 'space.jpg'
var name = spaceRef.name;

// Points to 'images'
var imagesRef = spaceRef.parent;

接下来,我们将了解如何将文件上传到 Cloud Storage。