إنشاء مرجع Cloud Storage على Android
تنظيم صفحاتك في مجموعات
يمكنك حفظ المحتوى وتصنيفه حسب إعداداتك المفضّلة.
يتم تخزين ملفاتك في حزمة Cloud Storage. يتم عرض الملفات في هذه الحزمة في بنية هرمية، تمامًا مثل نظام الملفات على القرص الثابت المحلي أو البيانات في Firebase Realtime Database.
من خلال إنشاء مرجع لملف، يمكن لتطبيقك الوصول إليه. ويمكن استخدام هذه المراجع لتحميل البيانات أو تنزيلها أو الحصول على البيانات الوصفية أو تعديلها أو حذف الملف. يمكن أن يشير المرجع إلى ملف معيّن أو إلى عقدة ذات مستوى أعلى في التدرّج الهرمي.
إذا سبق لك استخدام Firebase Realtime Database، من المفترض أن تكون هذه المسارات مألوفة جدًا بالنسبة إليك. ومع ذلك، يتم تخزين بيانات ملفاتك في Cloud Storage، وليس في Realtime Database.
إنشاء مرجع
إنشاء مرجع لتحميل ملف أو تنزيله أو حذفه،
أو للحصول على البيانات الوصفية الخاصة به أو تعديلها يمكن اعتبار المرجع
مؤشرًا إلى ملف في السحابة الإلكترونية. المراجع بسيطة، لذا يمكنك إنشاء العدد الذي تحتاجه منها. ويمكن أيضًا إعادة استخدامها في عمليات متعددة.
أنشئ مرجعًا باستخدام مثيل FirebaseStorage
الفردي واستدعِ طريقة getReference()
.
Kotlin
// Create a storage reference from our app
var storageRef = storage.reference
Java
// Create a storage reference from our app
StorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();
بعد ذلك، يمكنك إنشاء مرجع إلى موقع جغرافي أدنى في الشجرة،
على سبيل المثال "images/space.jpg"
، باستخدام طريقة child()
على مرجع حالي.
Kotlin
// Create a child reference
// imagesRef now points to "images"
var imagesRef: StorageReference? = storageRef.child("images")
// Child references can also take paths
// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg
// imagesRef still points to "images"
var spaceRef = storageRef.child("images/space.jpg")
Java
// Create a child reference
// imagesRef now points to "images"
StorageReference imagesRef = storageRef.child("images");
// Child references can also take paths
// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg
// imagesRef still points to "images"
StorageReference spaceRef = storageRef.child("images/space.jpg");
التنقّل باستخدام "المراجع"
يمكنك أيضًا استخدام الطريقتَين getParent()
وgetRoot()
للتنقّل للأعلى في التسلسل الهرمي للملفات. يؤدي الضغط على getParent()
إلى الانتقال إلى مستوى أعلى واحد،
بينما يؤدي الضغط على getRoot()
إلى الانتقال إلى أعلى مستوى.
Kotlin
// parent allows us to move our reference to a parent node
// imagesRef now points to 'images'
imagesRef = spaceRef.parent
// root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket
// rootRef now points to the root
val rootRef = spaceRef.root
Java
// getParent allows us to move our reference to a parent node
// imagesRef now points to 'images'
imagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();
// getRoot allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket
// rootRef now points to the root
StorageReference rootRef = spaceRef.getRoot();
يمكن ربط child()
وgetParent()
وgetRoot()
معًا عدة مرات، لأنّ كلّ منها يعرض مرجعًا. ولكن عند الاتصال بالرقم getRoot().getParent()
، يتم عرض الرقم null
.
Kotlin
// References can be chained together multiple times
// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'
val earthRef = spaceRef.parent?.child("earth.jpg")
// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null
val nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent
Java
// References can be chained together multiple times
// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'
StorageReference earthRef = spaceRef.getParent().child("earth.jpg");
// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null
StorageReference nullRef = spaceRef.getRoot().getParent();
الخصائص المرجعية
يمكنك فحص المراجع لفهم الملفات التي تشير إليها بشكل أفضل باستخدام الطرق getPath()
وgetName()
وgetBucket()
. تسترد هذه الطرق المسار الكامل للملف واسمه وحزمة التخزين.
Kotlin
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"
// This is analogous to a file path on disk
spaceRef.path
// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"
// This is analogous to the file name
spaceRef.name
// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in
spaceRef.bucket
Java
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"
// This is analogous to a file path on disk
spaceRef.getPath();
// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"
// This is analogous to the file name
spaceRef.getName();
// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in
spaceRef.getBucket();
القيود المفروضة على المراجع
يمكن أن تحتوي مسارات المراجع وأسماؤها على أي تسلسل من أحرف Unicode الصالحة،
ولكن يتم فرض قيود معيّنة، بما في ذلك:
- يجب أن يتراوح الطول الإجمالي لـ reference.fullPath بين 1 و1024 بايت عند استخدام ترميز UTF-8.
- يجب عدم استخدام أحرف الرجوع إلى أول السطر أو نهاية السطر.
- تجنَّب استخدام
#
أو [
أو ]
أو *
أو ?
، لأنّها لا تعمل بشكل جيد مع أدوات أخرى، مثل Firebase Realtime Database أو gsutil.
مثال كامل
Kotlin
// Points to the root reference
storageRef = storage.reference
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = storageRef.child("images")
// Points to "images/space.jpg"
// Note that you can use variables to create child values
val fileName = "space.jpg"
spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)
// File path is "images/space.jpg"
val path = spaceRef.path
// File name is "space.jpg"
val name = spaceRef.name
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = spaceRef.parent
Java
// Points to the root reference
storageRef = storage.getReference();
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = storageRef.child("images");
// Points to "images/space.jpg"
// Note that you can use variables to create child values
String fileName = "space.jpg";
spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);
// File path is "images/space.jpg"
String path = spaceRef.getPath();
// File name is "space.jpg"
String name = spaceRef.getName();
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();
بعد ذلك، سنتعرّف على كيفية
تحميل الملفات إلى
Cloud Storage.
إنّ محتوى هذه الصفحة مرخّص بموجب ترخيص Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 ما لم يُنصّ على خلاف ذلك، ونماذج الرموز مرخّصة بموجب ترخيص Apache 2.0. للاطّلاع على التفاصيل، يُرجى مراجعة سياسات موقع Google Developers. إنّ Java هي علامة تجارية مسجَّلة لشركة Oracle و/أو شركائها التابعين.
تاريخ التعديل الأخير: 2025-08-21 (حسب التوقيت العالمي المتفَّق عليه)
[null,null,["تاريخ التعديل الأخير: 2025-08-21 (حسب التوقيت العالمي المتفَّق عليه)"],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nCreate a reference to upload, download, or delete a file,\nor to get or update its metadata. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need. They are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nCreate a reference using the `FirebaseStorage` singleton instance and\ncalling its `getReference()` method. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nvar storageRef = storage.reference \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L49-L50\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nStorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L78-L79\n```\n\nNext, you can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `\"images/space.jpg\"` by using the `child()` method on an existing reference. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nvar imagesRef: StorageReference? = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Child references can also take paths\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\")https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L54-L61\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nStorageReference imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\");\n\n// Child references can also take paths\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nStorageReference spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\");https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L83-L90\n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `getParent()` and `getRoot()` methods to navigate up in our\nfile hierarchy. `getParent()` navigates up one level,\nwhile `getRoot()` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// parent allows us to move our reference to a parent node\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = spaceRef.parent\n\n// root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nval rootRef = spaceRef.root \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L67-L73\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// getParent allows us to move our reference to a parent node\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();\n\n// getRoot allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nStorageReference rootRef = spaceRef.getRoot();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L96-L102\n```\n\n`child()`, `getParent()`, and `getRoot()` can be chained together multiple\ntimes, as each returns a reference. But calling `getRoot().getParent()` returns `null`. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\nval earthRef = spaceRef.parent?.child(\"earth.jpg\")\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nval nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L77-L82\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\nStorageReference earthRef = spaceRef.getParent().child(\"earth.jpg\");\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nStorageReference nullRef = spaceRef.getRoot().getParent();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L106-L111\n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `getPath()`, `getName()`, and `getBucket()` methods. These methods\nget the file's full path, name and bucket. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.path\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in\nspaceRef.bucket \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L88-L97\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.getPath();\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.getName();\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in\nspaceRef.getBucket();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L117-L126\n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of reference.fullPath must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Points to the root reference\nstorageRef = storage.reference\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nval fileName = \"space.jpg\"\nspaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nval path = spaceRef.path\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nval name = spaceRef.name\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = spaceRef.parent \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L103-L121\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Points to the root reference\nstorageRef = storage.getReference();\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\");\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nString fileName = \"space.jpg\";\nspaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nString path = spaceRef.getPath();\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nString name = spaceRef.getName();\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L132-L150\n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/android/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]