创建用户
如需在 Firebase 项目中创建新用户,您可以调用 createUserWithEmailAndPassword
方法,或让用户通过 Google 登录服务或 Facebook 登录服务等联合身份提供方服务完成首次登录。
您还可以转至 Firebase 控制台的“Authentication”部分,在“用户”页面中创建以密码验证身份的新用户。
获取当前登录的用户
要获取当前用户,建议调用 getCurrentUser
方法。如果没有登录的用户,getCurrentUser
会返回 null:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser if (user != null) { // User is signed in } else { // No user is signed in }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); if (user != null) { // User is signed in } else { // No user is signed in }
在某些情况下,getCurrentUser
将返回一个非空 FirebaseUser
,但底层令牌无效。例如,如果用户在其他设备上被删除,而本地令牌尚未刷新,即可能发生此情况。在这种情况下,您可能会获得一个有效的用户 getCurrentUser
,但对已通过身份验证的资源的后续调用将失败。
如果 auth 对象尚未完成初始化,则 getCurrentUser
也有可能返回 null
。
如果附加 AuthStateListener,则每次底层令牌状态更改时,您都将收到一个回调。这在响应如上述边缘情况时很有用。
获取用户个人资料
如需获取用户的个人资料信息,请使用 FirebaseUser
实例的访问器方法。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser user?.let { // Name, email address, and profile photo Url val name = it.displayName val email = it.email val photoUrl = it.photoUrl // Check if user's email is verified val emailVerified = it.isEmailVerified // The user's ID, unique to the Firebase project. Do NOT use this value to // authenticate with your backend server, if you have one. Use // FirebaseUser.getIdToken() instead. val uid = it.uid }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); if (user != null) { // Name, email address, and profile photo Url String name = user.getDisplayName(); String email = user.getEmail(); Uri photoUrl = user.getPhotoUrl(); // Check if user's email is verified boolean emailVerified = user.isEmailVerified(); // The user's ID, unique to the Firebase project. Do NOT use this value to // authenticate with your backend server, if you have one. Use // FirebaseUser.getIdToken() instead. String uid = user.getUid(); }
获取特定于提供方的用户个人资料信息
要获取从用户已关联的登录服务提供方检索到的个人资料信息,可使用 getProviderData
方法。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser user?.let { for (profile in it.providerData) { // Id of the provider (ex: google.com) val providerId = profile.providerId // UID specific to the provider val uid = profile.uid // Name, email address, and profile photo Url val name = profile.displayName val email = profile.email val photoUrl = profile.photoUrl } }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); if (user != null) { for (UserInfo profile : user.getProviderData()) { // Id of the provider (ex: google.com) String providerId = profile.getProviderId(); // UID specific to the provider String uid = profile.getUid(); // Name, email address, and profile photo Url String name = profile.getDisplayName(); String email = profile.getEmail(); Uri photoUrl = profile.getPhotoUrl(); } }
更新用户个人资料
您可以使用 updateProfile
方法来更新用户的基本个人资料信息,即用户的显示名称和个人资料照片网址。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser val profileUpdates = userProfileChangeRequest { displayName = "Jane Q. User" photoUri = Uri.parse("https://example.com/jane-q-user/profile.jpg") } user!!.updateProfile(profileUpdates) .addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { Log.d(TAG, "User profile updated.") } }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); UserProfileChangeRequest profileUpdates = new UserProfileChangeRequest.Builder() .setDisplayName("Jane Q. User") .setPhotoUri(Uri.parse("https://example.com/jane-q-user/profile.jpg")) .build(); user.updateProfile(profileUpdates) .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Log.d(TAG, "User profile updated."); } } });
设置用户电子邮件地址
您可以使用 updateEmail
方法设置用户的电子邮件地址。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser user!!.updateEmail("user@example.com") .addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { Log.d(TAG, "User email address updated.") } }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); user.updateEmail("user@example.com") .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Log.d(TAG, "User email address updated."); } } });
向用户发送验证电子邮件
您可以使用 sendEmailVerification
方法向用户发送地址验证电子邮件。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser user!!.sendEmailVerification() .addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { Log.d(TAG, "Email sent.") } }
Java
FirebaseAuth auth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance(); FirebaseUser user = auth.getCurrentUser(); user.sendEmailVerification() .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Log.d(TAG, "Email sent."); } } });
您可以在 Firebase 控制台的“Authentication”部分的“电子邮件模板”页面中自定义使用的电子邮件模板。请参阅 Firebase 帮助中心内的电子邮件模板。
在发送验证电子邮件时,还可以通过一个接续网址传递状态以重定向回应用。
此外,在发送验证电子邮件之前,您可以通过更新 Auth 实例中的语言代码来对该电子邮件进行本地化。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
auth.setLanguageCode("fr") // To apply the default app language instead of explicitly setting it. // auth.useAppLanguage()
Java
auth.setLanguageCode("fr"); // To apply the default app language instead of explicitly setting it. // auth.useAppLanguage();
设置用户密码
您可以使用 updatePassword
方法设置用户密码。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser val newPassword = "SOME-SECURE-PASSWORD" user!!.updatePassword(newPassword) .addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { Log.d(TAG, "User password updated.") } }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); String newPassword = "SOME-SECURE-PASSWORD"; user.updatePassword(newPassword) .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Log.d(TAG, "User password updated."); } } });
发送重设密码电子邮件
您可以使用 sendPasswordResetEmail
方法向用户发送重设密码电子邮件。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val emailAddress = "user@example.com" Firebase.auth.sendPasswordResetEmail(emailAddress) .addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { Log.d(TAG, "Email sent.") } }
Java
FirebaseAuth auth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance(); String emailAddress = "user@example.com"; auth.sendPasswordResetEmail(emailAddress) .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Log.d(TAG, "Email sent."); } } });
您可以在 Firebase 控制台的“Authentication”部分的“电子邮件模板”页面中自定义使用的电子邮件模板。请参阅 Firebase 帮助中心内的电子邮件模板。
在发送重设密码电子邮件时,还可以通过一个接续网址传递状态以重定向回应用。
此外,在发送重设密码电子邮件之前,您可以通过更新 Auth 实例中的语言代码来对该电子邮件进行本地化。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
auth.setLanguageCode("fr") // To apply the default app language instead of explicitly setting it. // auth.useAppLanguage()
Java
auth.setLanguageCode("fr"); // To apply the default app language instead of explicitly setting it. // auth.useAppLanguage();
您也可以从 Firebase 控制台发送重设密码电子邮件。
删除用户
您可以使用 delete
方法删除用户帐号。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser!! user.delete() .addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { Log.d(TAG, "User account deleted.") } }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); user.delete() .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Log.d(TAG, "User account deleted."); } } });
您还可以前往 Firebase 控制台的“Authentication”部分,在“用户”页面中删除用户。
重新对用户进行身份验证
某些涉及安全的敏感操作(例如删除帐号、设置主电子邮件地址和更改密码)只能针对最近登录过的用户执行。如果您执行某项这类操作,而该用户的登录时间已经是很久之前,该操作便会失败并抛出 FirebaseAuthRecentLoginRequiredException
。发生这种情况时,请向用户索取新的登录凭据并将这些凭据传递给 reauthenticate
,以便对该用户重新进行身份验证。例如:
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser!! // Get auth credentials from the user for re-authentication. The example below shows // email and password credentials but there are multiple possible providers, // such as GoogleAuthProvider or FacebookAuthProvider. val credential = EmailAuthProvider .getCredential("user@example.com", "password1234") // Prompt the user to re-provide their sign-in credentials user.reauthenticate(credential) .addOnCompleteListener { Log.d(TAG, "User re-authenticated.") }
Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser(); // Get auth credentials from the user for re-authentication. The example below shows // email and password credentials but there are multiple possible providers, // such as GoogleAuthProvider or FacebookAuthProvider. AuthCredential credential = EmailAuthProvider .getCredential("user@example.com", "password1234"); // Prompt the user to re-provide their sign-in credentials user.reauthenticate(credential) .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) { Log.d(TAG, "User re-authenticated."); } });
导入用户帐号
您可以使用 Firebase CLI 的 auth:import
命令,将用户帐号从文件导入 Firebase 项目中。例如:
firebase auth:import users.json --hash-algo=scrypt --rounds=8 --mem-cost=14