שימוש במטא-נתונים של קבצים ב-Cloud Storage ב-Android
קל לארגן דפים בעזרת אוספים
אפשר לשמור ולסווג תוכן על סמך ההעדפות שלך.
אחרי שמעלים קובץ לCloud Storage, אפשר גם לקבל ולעדכן את המטא-נתונים של הקובץ, למשל כדי לראות או לעדכן את סוג התוכן.
בקבצים אפשר גם לאחסן צמדי מפתח/ערך בהתאמה אישית עם מטא-נתונים נוספים של הקובץ.
המטא-נתונים של הקובץ מכילים מאפיינים נפוצים כמו name
, size
ו-contentType
(שנקרא לעיתים קרובות סוג MIME), בנוסף למאפיינים פחות נפוצים כמו contentDisposition
ו-timeCreated
. אפשר לאחזר את המטא-נתונים האלה מהפניה Cloud Storage באמצעות השיטה getMetadata()
.
Kotlin
// Create a storage reference from our app
val storageRef = storage.reference
// Get reference to the file
val forestRef = storageRef.child("images/forest.jpg")
forestRef.metadata.addOnSuccessListener { metadata ->
// Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'
}.addOnFailureListener {
// Uh-oh, an error occurred!
}
Java
// Create a storage reference from our app
StorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();
// Get reference to the file
StorageReference forestRef = storageRef.child("images/forest.jpg");
forestRef.getMetadata().addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<StorageMetadata>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(StorageMetadata storageMetadata) {
// Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'
}
}).addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
@Override
public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) {
// Uh-oh, an error occurred!
}
});
אפשר לעדכן את המטא-נתונים של הקובץ בכל שלב אחרי שהעלאת הקובץ מסתיימת באמצעות השיטה updateMetadata()
. למידע נוסף על המאפיינים שאפשר לעדכן, אפשר לעיין ברשימה המלאה. רק המאפיינים שצוינו במטא-נתונים מתעדכנים,
כל השאר נשארים ללא שינוי.
Kotlin
// Create a storage reference from our app
val storageRef = storage.reference
// Get reference to the file
val forestRef = storageRef.child("images/forest.jpg")
// Create file metadata including the content type
val metadata = storageMetadata {
contentType = "image/jpg"
setCustomMetadata("myCustomProperty", "myValue")
}
// Update metadata properties
forestRef.updateMetadata(metadata).addOnSuccessListener { updatedMetadata ->
// Updated metadata is in updatedMetadata
}.addOnFailureListener {
// Uh-oh, an error occurred!
}
Java
// Create a storage reference from our app
StorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();
// Get reference to the file
StorageReference forestRef = storageRef.child("images/forest.jpg");
// Create file metadata including the content type
StorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder()
.setContentType("image/jpg")
.setCustomMetadata("myCustomProperty", "myValue")
.build();
// Update metadata properties
forestRef.updateMetadata(metadata)
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<StorageMetadata>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(StorageMetadata storageMetadata) {
// Updated metadata is in storageMetadata
}
})
.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
@Override
public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) {
// Uh-oh, an error occurred!
}
});
כדי למחוק מאפייני מטא-נתונים שניתן לכתוב בהם, מעבירים את הערך null
:
Kotlin
// Create file metadata with property to delete
val metadata = storageMetadata {
contentType = null
}
// Delete the metadata property
forestRef.updateMetadata(metadata).addOnSuccessListener { updatedMetadata ->
// updatedMetadata.contentType should be null
}.addOnFailureListener {
// Uh-oh, an error occurred!
}
Java
// Create file metadata with property to delete
StorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder()
.setContentType(null)
.build();
// Delete the metadata property
forestRef.updateMetadata(metadata)
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<StorageMetadata>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(StorageMetadata storageMetadata) {
// metadata.contentType should be null
}
})
.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
@Override
public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) {
// Uh-oh, an error occurred!
}
});
טיפול בשגיאות
יכולות להיות כמה סיבות לשגיאות בקבלת מטא-נתונים או בעדכון שלהם, כולל קובץ שלא קיים או משתמש שאין לו הרשאה לגשת לקובץ הרצוי. מידע נוסף על שגיאות זמין בקטע Handle Errors במסמכים.
אפשר לציין מטא נתונים בהתאמה אישית באמצעות ה-method setCustomMetadata()
במחלקה StorageMetadata.Builder
.
Kotlin
val metadata = storageMetadata {
setCustomMetadata("location", "Yosemite, CA, USA")
setCustomMetadata("activity", "Hiking")
}
Java
StorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder()
.setCustomMetadata("location", "Yosemite, CA, USA")
.setCustomMetadata("activity", "Hiking")
.build();
אפשר לאחסן נתונים ספציפיים לאפליקציה לכל קובץ במטא-נתונים בהתאמה אישית, אבל מומלץ מאוד להשתמש במסד נתונים (כמו Firebase Realtime Database) כדי לאחסן ולסנכרן את סוג הנתונים הזה.
בהמשך מופיעה רשימה מלאה של מאפייני המטא-נתונים בקובץ:
Property Getter |
סוג |
הפונקציה להגדרת ערך קיימת |
getBucket |
String |
לא |
getGeneration |
String |
לא |
getMetadataGeneration |
String |
לא |
getPath |
String |
לא |
getName |
String |
לא |
getSizeBytes |
long |
לא |
getCreationTimeMillis |
long |
לא |
getUpdatedTimeMillis |
long |
לא |
getMd5Hash |
String |
לא |
getCacheControl |
String |
כן |
getContentDisposition |
String |
כן |
getContentEncoding |
String |
כן |
getContentLanguage |
String |
כן |
getContentType |
String |
כן |
getCustomMetadata |
String |
כן |
getCustomMetadataKeys |
Set<String> |
לא |
העלאה, הורדה ועדכון של קבצים הם חשובים, אבל חשוב גם להיות מסוגלים להסיר אותם. במאמר הזה נסביר איך למחוק קבצים מ-Cloud Storage.
אלא אם צוין אחרת, התוכן של דף זה הוא ברישיון Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 ודוגמאות הקוד הן ברישיון Apache 2.0. לפרטים, ניתן לעיין במדיניות האתר Google Developers. Java הוא סימן מסחרי רשום של חברת Oracle ו/או של השותפים העצמאיים שלה.
עדכון אחרון: 2025-08-21 (שעון UTC).
[null,null,["עדכון אחרון: 2025-08-21 (שעון UTC)."],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nAfter uploading a file to Cloud Storage reference, you can also get\nand update the file metadata, for example to view or update the content type.\nFiles can also store custom key/value pairs with additional file metadata.\n| **Note:** By default, a Cloud Storage for Firebase bucket requires Firebase Authentication to perform any action on the bucket's data or files. You can change your Firebase Security Rules for Cloud Storage to [allow unauthenticated access for specific situations](/docs/storage/security/rules-conditions#public). However, for most situations, we strongly recommend [restricting access and setting up robust security rules](/docs/storage/security/get-started) (especially for production apps). Note that if you use Google App Engine and have a default Cloud Storage bucket with a name format of `*.appspot.com`, you may need to consider [how your security rules impact access to App Engine files](/docs/storage/gcp-integration#security-rules-and-app-engine-files).\n\nGet File Metadata\n\nFile metadata contains common properties such as `name`, `size`, and\n`contentType` (often referred to as MIME type) in addition to some less\ncommon ones like `contentDisposition` and `timeCreated`. This metadata can be\nretrieved from a Cloud Storage reference using\nthe `getMetadata()` method. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nval storageRef = storage.reference\n\n// Get reference to the file\nval forestRef = storageRef.child(\"images/forest.jpg\")\n``` \n\n```kotlin\nforestRef.metadata.addOnSuccessListener { metadata -\u003e\n // Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'\n}.addOnFailureListener {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n}https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L345-L349\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nStorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();\n\n// Get reference to the file\nStorageReference forestRef = storageRef.child(\"images/forest.jpg\");\n``` \n\n```java\nforestRef.getMetadata().addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener\u003cStorageMetadata\u003e() {\n @Override\n public void onSuccess(StorageMetadata storageMetadata) {\n // Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'\n }\n}).addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {\n @Override\n public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n }\n});https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L437-L447\n```\n\nUpdate File Metadata\n\nYou can update file metadata at any time after the file upload completes by\nusing the `updateMetadata()` method. Refer to the\n[full list](#file-metadata-properties) for more information on what properties\ncan be updated. Only the properties specified in the metadata are updated,\nall others are left unmodified. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nval storageRef = storage.reference\n\n// Get reference to the file\nval forestRef = storageRef.child(\"images/forest.jpg\")\n``` \n\n```kotlin\n// Create file metadata including the content type\nval metadata = storageMetadata {\n contentType = \"image/jpg\"\n setCustomMetadata(\"myCustomProperty\", \"myValue\")\n}\n\n// Update metadata properties\nforestRef.updateMetadata(metadata).addOnSuccessListener { updatedMetadata -\u003e\n // Updated metadata is in updatedMetadata\n}.addOnFailureListener {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n}https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L353-L364\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nStorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();\n\n// Get reference to the file\nStorageReference forestRef = storageRef.child(\"images/forest.jpg\");\n``` \n\n```java\n// Create file metadata including the content type\nStorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder()\n .setContentType(\"image/jpg\")\n .setCustomMetadata(\"myCustomProperty\", \"myValue\")\n .build();\n\n// Update metadata properties\nforestRef.updateMetadata(metadata)\n .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener\u003cStorageMetadata\u003e() {\n @Override\n public void onSuccess(StorageMetadata storageMetadata) {\n // Updated metadata is in storageMetadata\n }\n })\n .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {\n @Override\n public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n }\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L451-L470\n```\n\nYou can delete writable metadata properties by passing `null`: \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create file metadata with property to delete\nval metadata = storageMetadata {\n contentType = null\n}\n\n// Delete the metadata property\nforestRef.updateMetadata(metadata).addOnSuccessListener { updatedMetadata -\u003e\n // updatedMetadata.contentType should be null\n}.addOnFailureListener {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n}https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L374-L384\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create file metadata with property to delete\nStorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder()\n .setContentType(null)\n .build();\n\n// Delete the metadata property\nforestRef.updateMetadata(metadata)\n .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener\u003cStorageMetadata\u003e() {\n @Override\n public void onSuccess(StorageMetadata storageMetadata) {\n // metadata.contentType should be null\n }\n })\n .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {\n @Override\n public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n }\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L480-L498\n```\n\nHandle Errors\n\nThere are a number of reasons why errors may occur on getting or updating\nmetadata, including the file not existing, or the user not having permission\nto access the desired file. More information on errors can be found in the\n[Handle Errors](/docs/storage/android/handle-errors)\nsection of the docs.\n\nCustom Metadata\n\nYou can specify custom metadata using the `setCustomMetadata()` method in the\n`StorageMetadata.Builder` class. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\nval metadata = storageMetadata {\n setCustomMetadata(\"location\", \"Yosemite, CA, USA\")\n setCustomMetadata(\"activity\", \"Hiking\")\n}https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L390-L393\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\nStorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder()\n .setCustomMetadata(\"location\", \"Yosemite, CA, USA\")\n .setCustomMetadata(\"activity\", \"Hiking\")\n .build();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L504-L507\n```\n\nYou can store app-specific data for each file in custom metadata, but we highly\nrecommend using a database (such as the\n[Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database/android/start))\nto store and synchronize this type of data.\n\nFile Metadata Properties\n\nA full list of metadata properties on a file is available below:\n\n| Property Getter | Type | Setter Exists |\n|-------------------------|---------------|---------------|\n| `getBucket` | `String` | NO |\n| `getGeneration` | `String` | NO |\n| `getMetadataGeneration` | `String` | NO |\n| `getPath` | `String` | NO |\n| `getName` | `String` | NO |\n| `getSizeBytes` | `long` | NO |\n| `getCreationTimeMillis` | `long` | NO |\n| `getUpdatedTimeMillis` | `long` | NO |\n| `getMd5Hash` | `String` | NO |\n| `getCacheControl` | `String` | YES |\n| `getContentDisposition` | `String` | YES |\n| `getContentEncoding` | `String` | YES |\n| `getContentLanguage` | `String` | YES |\n| `getContentType` | `String` | YES |\n| `getCustomMetadata` | `String` | YES |\n| `getCustomMetadataKeys` | `Set\u003cString\u003e` | NO |\n\nUploading, downloading, and updating files is important, but so is being able\nto remove them. Let's learn how to\n[delete files](/docs/storage/android/delete-files)\nfrom Cloud Storage."]]