在 Android 上使用 AutoML 訓練的模型為圖片加上標籤

使用 AutoML Vision Edge 訓練自己的模型後,您可以在應用程式中使用它來標記圖像。

在你開始之前

  1. 如果您尚未將 Firebase 新增至您的 Android 專案中,請將其新增至您的 Android 專案中。
  2. 將 ML Kit Android 函式庫的依賴項新增至模組(應用程式層級)Gradle 檔案(通常app/build.gradle ):
    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
    apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
    
    dependencies {
      // ...
    
      implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ml-vision:24.0.3'
      implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ml-vision-automl:18.0.5'
    }
    

1.載入模型

ML Kit 在裝置上執行 AutoML 產生的模型。但是,您可以將 ML Kit 配置為從 Firebase 遠端載入模型、從本機儲存載入模型,或從兩者遠端載入模型。

透過在 Firebase 上託管模型,您可以更新模型而無需發布新的應用版本,並且可以使用遠端配置和 A/B 測試向不同的使用者群組動態提供不同的模型。

如果您選擇僅透過 Firebase 託管來提供模型,而不是將其與您的應用程式捆綁在一起,則可以減少應用程式的初始下載大小。但請記住,如果模型未與您的應用程式捆綁在一起,則在您的應用程式首次下載模型之前,任何與模型相關的功能都將不可用。

透過將模型與應用程式捆綁在一起,您可以確保應用程式的 ML 功能在 Firebase 託管模型不可用時仍然有效。

配置 Firebase 託管的模型來源

若要使用遠端託管模型,請建立FirebaseAutoMLRemoteModel對象,並指定您在發布模型時為其指派的名稱:

Java

// Specify the name you assigned in the Firebase console.
FirebaseAutoMLRemoteModel remoteModel =
    new FirebaseAutoMLRemoteModel.Builder("your_remote_model").build();

Kotlin+KTX

// Specify the name you assigned in the Firebase console.
val remoteModel = FirebaseAutoMLRemoteModel.Builder("your_remote_model").build()

然後,啟動模型下載任務,指定允許下載的條件。如果裝置上沒有模型,或者有更新版本的模型可用,則任務將從 Firebase 非同步下載模型:

Java

FirebaseModelDownloadConditions conditions = new FirebaseModelDownloadConditions.Builder()
        .requireWifi()
        .build();
FirebaseModelManager.getInstance().download(remoteModel, conditions)
        .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
            @Override
            public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
                // Success.
            }
        });

Kotlin+KTX

val conditions = FirebaseModelDownloadConditions.Builder()
    .requireWifi()
    .build()
FirebaseModelManager.getInstance().download(remoteModel, conditions)
    .addOnCompleteListener {
        // Success.
    }

許多應用程式在其初始化程式碼中啟動下載任務,但您可以在需要使用模型之前隨時執行此操作。

配置本地模型來源

要將模型與您的應用程式捆綁在一起:

  1. 從您從 Firebase 控制台下載的 zip 檔案中提取模型及其元資料。我們建議您直接使用下載的文件,不要進行修改(包括文件名稱)。
  2. 將您的模型及其元資料檔案包含在您的應用程式包中:

    1. 如果您的專案中沒有資產資料夾,請透過右鍵單擊app/資料夾,然後按一下新建 > 資料夾 > 資產資料夾來建立資料夾。
    2. 在 asset 資料夾下建立一個子資料夾來包含模型檔案。
    3. 將檔案model.tflitedict.txtmanifest.json複製到子資料夾(所有三個檔案必須位於同一資料夾中)。
  3. 將以下內容新增至應用程式的build.gradle檔案中,以確保 Gradle 在建置應用程式時不會壓縮模型檔案:
    android {
        // ...
        aaptOptions {
            noCompress "tflite"
        }
    }
    
    模型檔案將包含在應用程式套件中,並作為原始資產提供給 ML Kit。
  4. 建立FirebaseAutoMLLocalModel對象,指定模型清單檔案的路徑:

    Java

    FirebaseAutoMLLocalModel localModel = new FirebaseAutoMLLocalModel.Builder()
            .setAssetFilePath("manifest.json")
            .build();
    

    Kotlin+KTX

    val localModel = FirebaseAutoMLLocalModel.Builder()
            .setAssetFilePath("manifest.json")
            .build()
    

從您的模型建立影像標記器

配置模型來源後,從其中一個建立FirebaseVisionImageLabeler物件。

如果您只有本地捆綁的模型,只需從FirebaseAutoMLLocalModel物件建立標籤器並配置您想要的置信度分數閾值(請參閱評估您的模型):

Java

FirebaseVisionImageLabeler labeler;
try {
    FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions options =
            new FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder(localModel)
                    .setConfidenceThreshold(0.0f)  // Evaluate your model in the Firebase console
                                                   // to determine an appropriate value.
                    .build();
    labeler = FirebaseVision.getInstance().getOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabeler(options);
} catch (FirebaseMLException e) {
    // ...
}

Kotlin+KTX

val options = FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder(localModel)
    .setConfidenceThreshold(0)  // Evaluate your model in the Firebase console
                                // to determine an appropriate value.
    .build()
val labeler = FirebaseVision.getInstance().getOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabeler(options)

如果您有遠端託管模型,則必須在運行之前檢查它是否已下載。您可以使用模型管理器的isModelDownloaded()方法檢查模型下載任務的狀態。

儘管您只需在運行貼標機之前確認這一點,但如果您同時擁有遠端託管模型和本地捆綁模型,則在實例化映像貼標機時執行此檢查可能是有意義的:如果滿足以下條件,則從遠端模型建立貼標機:它已被下載,否則是從本機模型下載的。

Java

FirebaseModelManager.getInstance().isModelDownloaded(remoteModel)
        .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Boolean>() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(Boolean isDownloaded) {
                FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder optionsBuilder;
                if (isDownloaded) {
                    optionsBuilder = new FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder(remoteModel);
                } else {
                    optionsBuilder = new FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder(localModel);
                }
                FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions options = optionsBuilder
                        .setConfidenceThreshold(0.0f)  // Evaluate your model in the Firebase console
                                                       // to determine an appropriate threshold.
                        .build();

                FirebaseVisionImageLabeler labeler;
                try {
                    labeler = FirebaseVision.getInstance().getOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabeler(options);
                } catch (FirebaseMLException e) {
                    // Error.
                }
            }
        });

Kotlin+KTX

FirebaseModelManager.getInstance().isModelDownloaded(remoteModel)
    .addOnSuccessListener { isDownloaded -> 
    val optionsBuilder =
        if (isDownloaded) {
            FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder(remoteModel)
        } else {
            FirebaseVisionOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabelerOptions.Builder(localModel)
        }
    // Evaluate your model in the Firebase console to determine an appropriate threshold.
    val options = optionsBuilder.setConfidenceThreshold(0.0f).build()
    val labeler = FirebaseVision.getInstance().getOnDeviceAutoMLImageLabeler(options)
}

如果您只有遠端託管模型,則應停用與模型相關的功能(例如,灰顯或隱藏部分 UI),直到確認模型已下載。您可以透過將偵聽器附加到模型管理器的download()方法來實現此目的:

Java

FirebaseModelManager.getInstance().download(remoteModel, conditions)
        .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Void>() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(Void v) {
              // Download complete. Depending on your app, you could enable
              // the ML feature, or switch from the local model to the remote
              // model, etc.
            }
        });

Kotlin+KTX

FirebaseModelManager.getInstance().download(remoteModel, conditions)
    .addOnCompleteListener {
        // Download complete. Depending on your app, you could enable the ML
        // feature, or switch from the local model to the remote model, etc.
    }

2. 準備輸入影像

然後,對於要標記的每個圖像,使用本節中描述的選項之一建立FirebaseVisionImage對象,並將其傳遞給FirebaseVisionImageLabeler的實例(在下一節中描述)。

您可以從media.Image物件、裝置上的檔案、位元組陣列或Bitmap物件建立FirebaseVisionImage物件:

  • 若要從media.Image物件建立FirebaseVisionImage物件(例如從裝置的相機擷取影像時),請將media.Image物件和影像的旋轉傳遞給FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage()

    如果您使用CameraX函式庫, OnImageCapturedListenerImageAnalysis.Analyzer類別會為您計算旋轉值,因此您只需在呼叫FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage()之前將旋轉轉換為 ML Kit 的ROTATION_常數之一:

    Java

    private class YourAnalyzer implements ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {
    
        private int degreesToFirebaseRotation(int degrees) {
            switch (degrees) {
                case 0:
                    return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0;
                case 90:
                    return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90;
                case 180:
                    return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180;
                case 270:
                    return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270.");
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void analyze(ImageProxy imageProxy, int degrees) {
            if (imageProxy == null || imageProxy.getImage() == null) {
                return;
            }
            Image mediaImage = imageProxy.getImage();
            int rotation = degreesToFirebaseRotation(degrees);
            FirebaseVisionImage image =
                    FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation);
            // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
            // ...
        }
    }
    

    Kotlin+KTX

    private class YourImageAnalyzer : ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {
        private fun degreesToFirebaseRotation(degrees: Int): Int = when(degrees) {
            0 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0
            90 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90
            180 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180
            270 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270
            else -> throw Exception("Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270.")
        }
    
        override fun analyze(imageProxy: ImageProxy?, degrees: Int) {
            val mediaImage = imageProxy?.image
            val imageRotation = degreesToFirebaseRotation(degrees)
            if (mediaImage != null) {
                val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageRotation)
                // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
                // ...
            }
        }
    }
    

    如果您不使用為您提供影像旋轉的相機庫,您可以根據裝置的旋轉和裝置中相機感測器的方向來計算它:

    Java

    private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
    static {
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90);
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0);
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270);
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180);
    }
    
    /**
     * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
     * orientation.
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private int getRotationCompensation(String cameraId, Activity activity, Context context)
            throws CameraAccessException {
        // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
        // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
        // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
        int deviceRotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
        int rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation);
    
        // On most devices, the sensor orientation is 90 degrees, but for some
        // devices it is 270 degrees. For devices with a sensor orientation of
        // 270, rotate the image an additional 180 ((270 + 270) % 360) degrees.
        CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) context.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE);
        int sensorOrientation = cameraManager
                .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
                .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);
        rotationCompensation = (rotationCompensation + sensorOrientation + 270) % 360;
    
        // Return the corresponding FirebaseVisionImageMetadata rotation value.
        int result;
        switch (rotationCompensation) {
            case 0:
                result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0;
                break;
            case 90:
                result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90;
                break;
            case 180:
                result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180;
                break;
            case 270:
                result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270;
                break;
            default:
                result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0;
                Log.e(TAG, "Bad rotation value: " + rotationCompensation);
        }
        return result;
    }

    Kotlin+KTX

    private val ORIENTATIONS = SparseIntArray()
    
    init {
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90)
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0)
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270)
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180)
    }
    /**
     * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
     * orientation.
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    @Throws(CameraAccessException::class)
    private fun getRotationCompensation(cameraId: String, activity: Activity, context: Context): Int {
        // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
        // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
        // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
        val deviceRotation = activity.windowManager.defaultDisplay.rotation
        var rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation)
    
        // On most devices, the sensor orientation is 90 degrees, but for some
        // devices it is 270 degrees. For devices with a sensor orientation of
        // 270, rotate the image an additional 180 ((270 + 270) % 360) degrees.
        val cameraManager = context.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE) as CameraManager
        val sensorOrientation = cameraManager
                .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
                .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION)!!
        rotationCompensation = (rotationCompensation + sensorOrientation + 270) % 360
    
        // Return the corresponding FirebaseVisionImageMetadata rotation value.
        val result: Int
        when (rotationCompensation) {
            0 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0
            90 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90
            180 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180
            270 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270
            else -> {
                result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0
                Log.e(TAG, "Bad rotation value: $rotationCompensation")
            }
        }
        return result
    }

    然後,將media.Image物件和旋轉值傳遞給FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage()

    Java

    FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation);

    Kotlin+KTX

    val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation)
  • 若要從檔案 URI 建立FirebaseVisionImage對象,請將套用上下文和檔案 URI 傳遞給FirebaseVisionImage.fromFilePath() 。當您使用ACTION_GET_CONTENT意圖提示使用者從其圖庫應用程式中選擇影像時,這非常有用。

    Java

    FirebaseVisionImage image;
    try {
        image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromFilePath(context, uri);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    Kotlin+KTX

    val image: FirebaseVisionImage
    try {
        image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromFilePath(context, uri)
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        e.printStackTrace()
    }
  • 若要從ByteBuffer或位元組數組建立FirebaseVisionImage對象,請先按照上面針對media.Image輸入所述計算圖像旋轉。

    然後,建立一個FirebaseVisionImageMetadata對象,其中包含圖像的高度、寬度、顏色編碼格式和旋轉:

    Java

    FirebaseVisionImageMetadata metadata = new FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.Builder()
            .setWidth(480)   // 480x360 is typically sufficient for
            .setHeight(360)  // image recognition
            .setFormat(FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21)
            .setRotation(rotation)
            .build();

    Kotlin+KTX

    val metadata = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.Builder()
            .setWidth(480) // 480x360 is typically sufficient for
            .setHeight(360) // image recognition
            .setFormat(FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21)
            .setRotation(rotation)
            .build()

    使用緩衝區或陣列以及元資料物件來建立FirebaseVisionImage物件:

    Java

    FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteBuffer(buffer, metadata);
    // Or: FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteArray(byteArray, metadata);

    Kotlin+KTX

    val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteBuffer(buffer, metadata)
    // Or: val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteArray(byteArray, metadata)
  • 要從Bitmap物件建立FirebaseVisionImage物件:

    Java

    FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromBitmap(bitmap);

    Kotlin+KTX

    val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromBitmap(bitmap)
    Bitmap物件表示的影像必須是直立的,不需要額外旋轉。

3. 運行影像標記器

若要標記影像中的對象,請將FirebaseVisionImage物件傳遞給FirebaseVisionImageLabelerprocessImage()方法。

Java

labeler.processImage(image)
        .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<List<FirebaseVisionImageLabel>>() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(List<FirebaseVisionImageLabel> labels) {
                // Task completed successfully
                // ...
            }
        })
        .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                // Task failed with an exception
                // ...
            }
        });

Kotlin+KTX

labeler.processImage(image)
        .addOnSuccessListener { labels ->
            // Task completed successfully
            // ...
        }
        .addOnFailureListener { e ->
            // Task failed with an exception
            // ...
        }

如果圖像標記成功, FirebaseVisionImageLabel物件的陣列將傳遞給成功偵聽器。從每個物件中,您可以獲得有關圖像中識別的特徵的資訊。

例如:

Java

for (FirebaseVisionImageLabel label: labels) {
    String text = label.getText();
    float confidence = label.getConfidence();
}

Kotlin+KTX

for (label in labels) {
    val text = label.text
    val confidence = label.confidence
}

提升即時效能的技巧

  • 對檢測器的節流呼叫。如果偵測器運作時有新的視訊幀可用,則丟棄該幀。
  • 如果您使用偵測器的輸出將圖形疊加在輸入影像上,請先從 ML Kit 取得結果,然後一步渲染影像並疊加。透過這樣做,每個輸入幀只需渲染到顯示表面一次。
  • 如果您使用 Camera2 API,請以ImageFormat.YUV_420_888格式擷取影像。

    如果您使用較舊的相機 API,請以ImageFormat.NV21格式擷取影像。