トランザクションとバッチ書き込み

Cloud Firestore は、データを読み書きするアトミック オペレーションをサポートしています。一連のアトミック オペレーションでは、すべてのオペレーションが正常に完了するか、またはどのオペレーションも適用されないかのいずれかです。Cloud Firestore には 2 種類のアトミック オペレーションがあります。

  • トランザクション: トランザクションは、1 つ以上のドキュメントに対して読み取り / 書き込みを行う一連のオペレーションです。
  • バッチ書き込み: バッチ書き込みは、1 つ以上のドキュメントに対して書き込みを行う一連のオペレーションです。

1 回のトランザクションまたはバッチ書き込みでは、最大 500 のドキュメントに書き込みを行うことができます。書き込みに関連するその他の制限については、割り当てと上限をご覧ください。

トランザクションでデータを更新する

Cloud Firestore クライアント ライブラリを使用して、複数のオペレーションを 1 つのトランザクションにまとめることが可能です。フィールドの値を、その現行値またはその他のフィールドの値に基づいて更新する場合には、トランザクションが便利です。

トランザクションは、任意の数の get() オペレーションと、その後に続く任意の数の書き込みオペレーション（set()、update()、delete() など）で構成されます。同時編集の場合、Cloud Firestore はトランザクション全体を再実行します。たとえば、トランザクションがドキュメントを読み取り、別のクライアントがそれらのドキュメントを変更すると、Cloud Firestore はトランザクションを再試行します。この機能により、常に整合性のある最新データに対してトランザクションが実行されます。

トランザクションでは、書き込みが部分的に適用されることはありません。成功したトランザクションの完了時にすべての書き込みが実行されます。

トランザクションを使用する場合は、次の点に注意してください。

  • 読み取りオペレーションは書き込みオペレーションの前に実行する必要があります。
  • トランザクションが読み取るドキュメントに対して同時編集が影響する場合は、トランザクションを呼び出す関数（トランザクション関数）が複数回実行されることがあります。
  • トランザクション関数はアプリケーションの状態を直接変更してはなりません。
  • クライアントがオフラインの場合、トランザクションは失敗します。

次の例は、トランザクションを作成して実行する方法を示します。

Web v8

// Create a reference to the SF doc.
var sfDocRef = db.collection("cities").doc("SF");

// Uncomment to initialize the doc.
// sfDocRef.set({ population: 0 });

return db.runTransaction((transaction) => {
    // This code may get re-run multiple times if there are conflicts.
    return transaction.get(sfDocRef).then((sfDoc) => {
        if (!sfDoc.exists) {
            throw "Document does not exist!";
        }

        // Add one person to the city population.
        // Note: this could be done without a transaction
        //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
        var newPopulation = sfDoc.data().population + 1;
        transaction.update(sfDocRef, { population: newPopulation });
    });
}).then(() => {
    console.log("Transaction successfully committed!");
}).catch((error) => {
    console.log("Transaction failed: ", error);
});
test.firestore.js

Web v9

import { runTransaction } from "firebase/firestore";

try {
  await runTransaction(db, async (transaction) => {
    const sfDoc = await transaction.get(sfDocRef);
    if (!sfDoc.exists()) {
      throw "Document does not exist!";
    }

    const newPopulation = sfDoc.data().population + 1;
    transaction.update(sfDocRef, { population: newPopulation });
  });
  console.log("Transaction successfully committed!");
} catch (e) {
  console.log("Transaction failed: ", e);
}
transaction.js
Swift
let sfReference = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

db.runTransaction({ (transaction, errorPointer) -> Any? in
    let sfDocument: DocumentSnapshot
    do {
        try sfDocument = transaction.getDocument(sfReference)
    } catch let fetchError as NSError {
        errorPointer?.pointee = fetchError
        return nil
    }

    guard let oldPopulation = sfDocument.data()?["population"] as? Int else {
        let error = NSError(
            domain: "AppErrorDomain",
            code: -1,
            userInfo: [
                NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Unable to retrieve population from snapshot \(sfDocument)"
            ]
        )
        errorPointer?.pointee = error
        return nil
    }

    // Note: this could be done without a transaction
    //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
    transaction.updateData(["population": oldPopulation + 1], forDocument: sfReference)
    return nil
}) { (object, error) in
    if let error = error {
        print("Transaction failed: \(error)")
    } else {
        print("Transaction successfully committed!")
    }
}
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
FIRDocumentReference *sfReference =
    [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"];
[self.db runTransactionWithBlock:^id (FIRTransaction *transaction, NSError **errorPointer) {
  FIRDocumentSnapshot *sfDocument = [transaction getDocument:sfReference error:errorPointer];
  if (*errorPointer != nil) { return nil; }

  if (![sfDocument.data[@"population"] isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
    *errorPointer = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"AppErrorDomain" code:-1 userInfo:@{
      NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: @"Unable to retreive population from snapshot"
    }];
    return nil;
  }
  NSInteger oldPopulation = [sfDocument.data[@"population"] integerValue];

  // Note: this could be done without a transaction
  //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
  [transaction updateData:@{ @"population": @(oldPopulation + 1) } forDocument:sfReference];

  return nil;
} completion:^(id result, NSError *error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    NSLog(@"Transaction failed: %@", error);
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Transaction successfully committed!");
  }
}];
ViewController.m

Java

final DocumentReference sfDocRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");

db.runTransaction(new Transaction.Function<Void>() {
    @Override
    public Void apply(Transaction transaction) throws FirebaseFirestoreException {
        DocumentSnapshot snapshot = transaction.get(sfDocRef);

        // Note: this could be done without a transaction
        //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
        double newPopulation = snapshot.getDouble("population") + 1;
        transaction.update(sfDocRef, "population", newPopulation);

        // Success
        return null;
    }
}).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Void>() {
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(Void aVoid) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Transaction success!");
    }
})
.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Transaction failure.", e);
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

val sfDocRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

db.runTransaction { transaction ->
    val snapshot = transaction.get(sfDocRef)

    // Note: this could be done without a transaction
    //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
    val newPopulation = snapshot.getDouble("population")!! + 1
    transaction.update(sfDocRef, "population", newPopulation)

    // Success
    null
}.addOnSuccessListener { Log.d(TAG, "Transaction success!") }
        .addOnFailureListener { e -> Log.w(TAG, "Transaction failure.", e) }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
// Initialize doc
final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
City city = new City("SF");
city.setCountry("USA");
city.setPopulation(860000L);
docRef.set(city).get();

// run an asynchronous transaction
ApiFuture<Void> futureTransaction = db.runTransaction(transaction -> {
  // retrieve document and increment population field
  DocumentSnapshot snapshot = transaction.get(docRef).get();
  long oldPopulation = snapshot.getLong("population");
  transaction.update(docRef, "population", oldPopulation + 1);
  return null;
});
// block on transaction operation using transaction.get()
ManageDataSnippets.java
Python
transaction = db.transaction()
city_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'SF')

@firestore.transactional
def update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref):
    snapshot = city_ref.get(transaction=transaction)
    transaction.update(city_ref, {
        u'population': snapshot.get(u'population') + 1
    })

update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref)
snippets.py

Python

transaction = db.transaction()
city_ref = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

@firestore.async_transactional
async def update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref):
    snapshot = await city_ref.get(transaction=transaction)
    transaction.update(city_ref, {"population": snapshot.get("population") + 1})

await update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref)
snippets.py
C++
DocumentReference sf_doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
db->RunTransaction([sf_doc_ref](Transaction& transaction,
                                std::string& out_error_message) -> Error {
    Error error = Error::kErrorOk;

    DocumentSnapshot snapshot =
        transaction.Get(sf_doc_ref, &error, &out_error_message);

    // Note: this could be done without a transaction by updating the
    // population using FieldValue::Increment().
    std::int64_t new_population =
        snapshot.Get("population").integer_value() + 1;
    transaction.Update(
        sf_doc_ref,
        {{"population", FieldValue::Integer(new_population)}});

    return Error::kErrorOk;
  }).OnCompletion([](const Future<void>& future) {
  if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) {
    std::cout << "Transaction success!\n";
  } else {
    std::cout << "Transaction failure: " << future.error_message() << '\n';
  }
});
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Initialize document
const cityRef = db.collection('cities').doc('SF');
await cityRef.set({
  name: 'San Francisco',
  state: 'CA',
  country: 'USA',
  capital: false,
  population: 860000
});

try {
  await db.runTransaction(async (t) => {
    const doc = await t.get(cityRef);

    // Add one person to the city population.
    // Note: this could be done without a transaction
    //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
    const newPopulation = doc.data().population + 1;
    t.update(cityRef, {population: newPopulation});
  });

  console.log('Transaction success!');
} catch (e) {
  console.log('Transaction failure:', e);
}
index.js
Go
ref := client.Collection("cities").Doc("SF")
err := client.RunTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx *firestore.Transaction) error {
	doc, err := tx.Get(ref) // tx.Get, NOT ref.Get!
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	pop, err := doc.DataAt("population")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return tx.Set(ref, map[string]interface{}{
		"population": pop.(int64) + 1,
	}, firestore.MergeAll)
})
if err != nil {
	// Handle any errors appropriately in this section.
	log.Printf("An error has occurred: %s", err)
}
save.go
PHP
$cityRef = $db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('SF');
$db->runTransaction(function (Transaction $transaction) use ($cityRef) {
    $snapshot = $transaction->snapshot($cityRef);
    $newPopulation = $snapshot['population'] + 1;
    $transaction->update($cityRef, [
        ['path' => 'population', 'value' => $newPopulation]
    ]);
});
transaction_document_update.php
Unity
DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
db.RunTransactionAsync(transaction =>
    {
        return transaction.GetSnapshotAsync(cityRef).ContinueWith((snapshotTask) =>
        {
            DocumentSnapshot snapshot = snapshotTask.Result;
            long newPopulation = snapshot.GetValue<long>("Population") + 1;
            Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "Population", newPopulation}
            };
            transaction.Update(cityRef, updates);
        });
    });
C#
DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
await db.RunTransactionAsync(async transaction =>
{
    DocumentSnapshot snapshot = await transaction.GetSnapshotAsync(cityRef);
    long newPopulation = snapshot.GetValue<long>("Population") + 1;
    Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
    {
        { "Population", newPopulation}
    };
    transaction.Update(cityRef, updates);
});
Program.cs
Ruby
city_ref = firestore.doc "#{collection_path}/SF"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  new_population = tx.get(city_ref).data[:population] + 1
  puts "New population is #{new_population}."
  tx.update city_ref, { population: new_population }
end
transactions_and_batched_writes.rb

トランザクションから情報を渡す

トランザクション関数内でアプリケーションのステータスを変更しないでください。トランザクション関数は複数回実行されることがあり、UI スレッドに対して実行される保証がないため、変更すると同時実行の問題が発生します。代わりに、トランザクション関数から必要な情報を渡します。次の例は、前の例に基づいて、トランザクションから情報を渡す方法を示します。

Web v8

// Create a reference to the SF doc.
var sfDocRef = db.collection("cities").doc("SF");

db.runTransaction((transaction) => {
    return transaction.get(sfDocRef).then((sfDoc) => {
        if (!sfDoc.exists) {
            throw "Document does not exist!";
        }

        var newPopulation = sfDoc.data().population + 1;
        if (newPopulation <= 1000000) {
            transaction.update(sfDocRef, { population: newPopulation });
            return newPopulation;
        } else {
            return Promise.reject("Sorry! Population is too big.");
        }
    });
}).then((newPopulation) => {
    console.log("Population increased to ", newPopulation);
}).catch((err) => {
    // This will be an "population is too big" error.
    console.error(err);
});
test.firestore.js

Web v9

import { doc, runTransaction } from "firebase/firestore";

// Create a reference to the SF doc.
const sfDocRef = doc(db, "cities", "SF");

try {
  const newPopulation = await runTransaction(db, async (transaction) => {
    const sfDoc = await transaction.get(sfDocRef);
    if (!sfDoc.exists()) {
      throw "Document does not exist!";
    }

    const newPop = sfDoc.data().population + 1;
    if (newPop <= 1000000) {
      transaction.update(sfDocRef, { population: newPop });
      return newPop;
    } else {
      return Promise.reject("Sorry! Population is too big");
    }
  });

  console.log("Population increased to ", newPopulation);
} catch (e) {
  // This will be a "population is too big" error.
  console.error(e);
}
transaction_promise.js
Swift
let sfReference = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

db.runTransaction({ (transaction, errorPointer) -> Any? in
    let sfDocument: DocumentSnapshot
    do {
        try sfDocument = transaction.getDocument(sfReference)
    } catch let fetchError as NSError {
        errorPointer?.pointee = fetchError
        return nil
    }

    guard let oldPopulation = sfDocument.data()?["population"] as? Int else {
        let error = NSError(
            domain: "AppErrorDomain",
            code: -1,
            userInfo: [
                NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Unable to retrieve population from snapshot \(sfDocument)"
            ]
        )
        errorPointer?.pointee = error
        return nil
    }

    // Note: this could be done without a transaction
    //       by updating the population using FieldValue.increment()
    let newPopulation = oldPopulation + 1
    guard newPopulation <= 1000000 else {
        let error = NSError(
            domain: "AppErrorDomain",
            code: -2,
            userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Population \(newPopulation) too big"]
        )
        errorPointer?.pointee = error
        return nil
    }

    transaction.updateData(["population": newPopulation], forDocument: sfReference)
    return newPopulation
}) { (object, error) in
    if let error = error {
        print("Error updating population: \(error)")
    } else {
        print("Population increased to \(object!)")
    }
}
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
FIRDocumentReference *sfReference =
[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"];
[self.db runTransactionWithBlock:^id (FIRTransaction *transaction, NSError **errorPointer) {
  FIRDocumentSnapshot *sfDocument = [transaction getDocument:sfReference error:errorPointer];
  if (*errorPointer != nil) { return nil; }

  if (![sfDocument.data[@"population"] isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
    *errorPointer = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"AppErrorDomain" code:-1 userInfo:@{
      NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: @"Unable to retreive population from snapshot"
    }];
    return nil;
  }
  NSInteger population = [sfDocument.data[@"population"] integerValue];

  population++;
  if (population >= 1000000) {
    *errorPointer = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"AppErrorDomain" code:-2 userInfo:@{
      NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: @"Population too big"
    }];
    return @(population);
  }

  [transaction updateData:@{ @"population": @(population) } forDocument:sfReference];

  return nil;
} completion:^(id result, NSError *error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    NSLog(@"Transaction failed: %@", error);
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Population increased to %@", result);
  }
}];
ViewController.m

Java

final DocumentReference sfDocRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");

db.runTransaction(new Transaction.Function<Double>() {
    @Override
    public Double apply(Transaction transaction) throws FirebaseFirestoreException {
        DocumentSnapshot snapshot = transaction.get(sfDocRef);
        double newPopulation = snapshot.getDouble("population") + 1;
        if (newPopulation <= 1000000) {
            transaction.update(sfDocRef, "population", newPopulation);
            return newPopulation;
        } else {
            throw new FirebaseFirestoreException("Population too high",
                    FirebaseFirestoreException.Code.ABORTED);
        }
    }
}).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Double>() {
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(Double result) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Transaction success: " + result);
    }
})
.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Transaction failure.", e);
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

val sfDocRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

db.runTransaction { transaction ->
    val snapshot = transaction.get(sfDocRef)
    val newPopulation = snapshot.getDouble("population")!! + 1
    if (newPopulation <= 1000000) {
        transaction.update(sfDocRef, "population", newPopulation)
        newPopulation
    } else {
        throw FirebaseFirestoreException("Population too high",
                FirebaseFirestoreException.Code.ABORTED)
    }
}.addOnSuccessListener { result ->
    Log.d(TAG, "Transaction success: $result")
}.addOnFailureListener { e ->
    Log.w(TAG, "Transaction failure.", e)
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
ApiFuture<String> futureTransaction = db.runTransaction(transaction -> {
  DocumentSnapshot snapshot = transaction.get(docRef).get();
  Long newPopulation = snapshot.getLong("population") + 1;
  // conditionally update based on current population
  if (newPopulation <= 1000000L) {
    transaction.update(docRef, "population", newPopulation);
    return "Population increased to " + newPopulation;
  } else {
    throw new Exception("Sorry! Population is too big.");
  }
});
// Print information retrieved from transaction
System.out.println(futureTransaction.get());
ManageDataSnippets.java
Python
transaction = db.transaction()
city_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'SF')

@firestore.transactional
def update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref):
    snapshot = city_ref.get(transaction=transaction)
    new_population = snapshot.get(u'population') + 1

    if new_population < 1000000:
        transaction.update(city_ref, {
            u'population': new_population
        })
        return True
    else:
        return False

result = update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref)
if result:
    print(u'Population updated')
else:
    print(u'Sorry! Population is too big.')
snippets.py

Python

transaction = db.transaction()
city_ref = db.collection("cities").document("SF")

@firestore.async_transactional
async def update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref):
    snapshot = await city_ref.get(transaction=transaction)
    new_population = snapshot.get("population") + 1

    if new_population < 1000000:
        transaction.update(city_ref, {"population": new_population})
        return True
    else:
        return False

result = await update_in_transaction(transaction, city_ref)
if result:
    print("Population updated")
else:
    print("Sorry! Population is too big.")
snippets.py
C++
// This is not yet supported.
Node.js
const cityRef = db.collection('cities').doc('SF');
try {
  const res = await db.runTransaction(async t => {
    const doc = await t.get(cityRef);
    const newPopulation = doc.data().population + 1;
    if (newPopulation <= 1000000) {
      await t.update(cityRef, { population: newPopulation });
      return `Population increased to ${newPopulation}`;
    } else {
      throw 'Sorry! Population is too big.';
    }
  });
  console.log('Transaction success', res);
} catch (e) {
  console.log('Transaction failure:', e);
}
index.js
Go
ref := client.Collection("cities").Doc("SF")
err := client.RunTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx *firestore.Transaction) error {
	doc, err := tx.Get(ref)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	pop, err := doc.DataAt("population")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	newpop := pop.(int64) + 1
	if newpop <= 1000000 {
		return tx.Set(ref, map[string]interface{}{
			"population": pop.(int64) + 1,
		}, firestore.MergeAll)
	}
	return errors.New("population is too big")
})
if err != nil {
	// Handle any errors in an appropriate way, such as returning them.
	log.Printf("An error has occurred: %s", err)
}
save.go
PHP
$cityRef = $db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('SF');
$transactionResult = $db->runTransaction(function (Transaction $transaction) use ($cityRef) {
    $snapshot = $transaction->snapshot($cityRef);
    $newPopulation = $snapshot['population'] + 1;
    if ($newPopulation <= 1000000) {
        $transaction->update($cityRef, [
            ['path' => 'population', 'value' => $newPopulation]
        ]);
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
});

if ($transactionResult) {
    printf('Population updated successfully.' . PHP_EOL);
} else {
    printf('Sorry! Population is too big.' . PHP_EOL);
}
transaction_document_update_conditional.php
Unity
DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
db.RunTransactionAsync(transaction =>
{
    return transaction.GetSnapshotAsync(cityRef).ContinueWith((task) =>
    {
        long newPopulation = task.Result.GetValue<long>("Population") + 1;
        if (newPopulation <= 1000000)
        {
            Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "Population", newPopulation}
            };
            transaction.Update(cityRef, updates);
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    });
}).ContinueWith((transactionResultTask) =>
{
    if (transactionResultTask.Result)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Population updated successfully.");
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Sorry! Population is too big.");
    }
});
C#
DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
bool transactionResult = await db.RunTransactionAsync(async transaction =>
{
    DocumentSnapshot snapshot = await transaction.GetSnapshotAsync(cityRef);
    long newPopulation = snapshot.GetValue<long>("Population") + 1;
    if (newPopulation <= 1000000)
    {
        Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
        {
            { "Population", newPopulation}
        };
        transaction.Update(cityRef, updates);
        return true;
    }
    else
    {
        return false;
    }
});

if (transactionResult)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Population updated successfully.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("Sorry! Population is too big.");
}
Program.cs
Ruby
city_ref = firestore.doc "#{collection_path}/SF"

updated = firestore.transaction do |tx|
  new_population = tx.get(city_ref).data[:population] + 1
  if new_population < 1_000_000
    tx.update city_ref, { population: new_population }
    true
  end
end

if updated
  puts "Population updated!"
else
  puts "Sorry! Population is too big."
end
transactions_and_batched_writes.rb

トランザクションの失敗

トランザクションが失敗する可能性のある原因を次に示します。

  • トランザクションで書き込みオペレーションの後に読み取りオペレーションが実行される。読み取りオペレーションは常に、書き込みオペレーションの前に実行する必要があります。
  • トランザクションが、トランザクション外部で変更されたドキュメントを読み取る。この場合、トランザクションは自動的に再実行されます。トランザクションは一定の回数で再試行されます。

  • トランザクションが最大リクエスト サイズの 10 MiB を超えている。

    トランザクションのサイズは、トランザクションによって変更されたドキュメントとインデックス エントリのサイズによって異なります。削除オペレーションの場合、対象ドキュメントのサイズと、オペレーションに伴い削除されるインデックス エントリのサイズが含まれます。

トランザクションが失敗するとエラーが返され、データベースには何も書き込まれません。トランザクションをロールバックする必要はありません。これは Cloud Firestore により自動的に実行されます。

バッチ書き込み

オペレーション セットでドキュメントを読み取る必要がない場合は、複数の書き込みオペレーションを 1 つのバッチとして実行できます。このバッチには、set()、update()、delete() オペレーションを自由に組み合わせて含めることができます。書き込みのバッチはアトミックに実行され、また複数のドキュメントに対する書き込みを実行できます。次の例は、書き込みのバッチを作成して commit する方法を示しています。

Web v8

// Get a new write batch
var batch = db.batch();

// Set the value of 'NYC'
var nycRef = db.collection("cities").doc("NYC");
batch.set(nycRef, {name: "New York City"});

// Update the population of 'SF'
var sfRef = db.collection("cities").doc("SF");
batch.update(sfRef, {"population": 1000000});

// Delete the city 'LA'
var laRef = db.collection("cities").doc("LA");
batch.delete(laRef);

// Commit the batch
batch.commit().then(() => {
    // ...
});
test.firestore.js

Web v9

import { writeBatch, doc } from "firebase/firestore";

// Get a new write batch
const batch = writeBatch(db);

// Set the value of 'NYC'
const nycRef = doc(db, "cities", "NYC");
batch.set(nycRef, {name: "New York City"});

// Update the population of 'SF'
const sfRef = doc(db, "cities", "SF");
batch.update(sfRef, {"population": 1000000});

// Delete the city 'LA'
const laRef = doc(db, "cities", "LA");
batch.delete(laRef);

// Commit the batch
await batch.commit();
write_batch.js
Swift
// Get new write batch
let batch = db.batch()

// Set the value of 'NYC'
let nycRef = db.collection("cities").document("NYC")
batch.setData([:], forDocument: nycRef)

// Update the population of 'SF'
let sfRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
batch.updateData(["population": 1000000 ], forDocument: sfRef)

// Delete the city 'LA'
let laRef = db.collection("cities").document("LA")
batch.deleteDocument(laRef)

// Commit the batch
batch.commit() { err in
    if let err = err {
        print("Error writing batch \(err)")
    } else {
        print("Batch write succeeded.")
    }
}
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
// Get new write batch
FIRWriteBatch *batch = [self.db batch];

// Set the value of 'NYC'
FIRDocumentReference *nycRef =
    [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"NYC"];
[batch setData:@{} forDocument:nycRef];

// Update the population of 'SF'
FIRDocumentReference *sfRef =
    [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"];
[batch updateData:@{ @"population": @1000000 } forDocument:sfRef];

// Delete the city 'LA'
FIRDocumentReference *laRef =
    [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"LA"];
[batch deleteDocument:laRef];

// Commit the batch
[batch commitWithCompletion:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    NSLog(@"Error writing batch %@", error);
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Batch write succeeded.");
  }
}];
ViewController.m

Java

// Get a new write batch
WriteBatch batch = db.batch();

// Set the value of 'NYC'
DocumentReference nycRef = db.collection("cities").document("NYC");
batch.set(nycRef, new City());

// Update the population of 'SF'
DocumentReference sfRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
batch.update(sfRef, "population", 1000000L);

// Delete the city 'LA'
DocumentReference laRef = db.collection("cities").document("LA");
batch.delete(laRef);

// Commit the batch
batch.commit().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
    @Override
    public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
        // ...
    }
});
DocSnippets.java

Kotlin+KTX

val nycRef = db.collection("cities").document("NYC")
val sfRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
val laRef = db.collection("cities").document("LA")

// Get a new write batch and commit all write operations
db.runBatch { batch ->
    // Set the value of 'NYC'
    batch.set(nycRef, City())

    // Update the population of 'SF'
    batch.update(sfRef, "population", 1000000L)

    // Delete the city 'LA'
    batch.delete(laRef)
}.addOnCompleteListener {
    // ...
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
// Get a new write batch
WriteBatch batch = db.batch();

// Set the value of 'NYC'
DocumentReference nycRef = db.collection("cities").document("NYC");
batch.set(nycRef, new City());

// Update the population of 'SF'
DocumentReference sfRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
batch.update(sfRef, "population", 1000000L);

// Delete the city 'LA'
DocumentReference laRef = db.collection("cities").document("LA");
batch.delete(laRef);

// asynchronously commit the batch
ApiFuture<List<WriteResult>> future = batch.commit();
// ...
// future.get() blocks on batch commit operation
for (WriteResult result : future.get()) {
  System.out.println("Update time : " + result.getUpdateTime());
}
ManageDataSnippets.java
Python
batch = db.batch()

# Set the data for NYC
nyc_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'NYC')
batch.set(nyc_ref, {u'name': u'New York City'})

# Update the population for SF
sf_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'SF')
batch.update(sf_ref, {u'population': 1000000})

# Delete DEN
den_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'DEN')
batch.delete(den_ref)

# Commit the batch
batch.commit()
snippets.py

Python

batch = db.batch()

# Set the data for NYC
nyc_ref = db.collection("cities").document("NYC")
batch.set(nyc_ref, {"name": "New York City"})

# Update the population for SF
sf_ref = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
batch.update(sf_ref, {"population": 1000000})

# Delete DEN
den_ref = db.collection("cities").document("DEN")
batch.delete(den_ref)

# Commit the batch
await batch.commit()
snippets.py
C++
// Get a new write batch
WriteBatch batch = db->batch();

// Set the value of 'NYC'
DocumentReference nyc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("NYC");
batch.Set(nyc_ref, {});

// Update the population of 'SF'
DocumentReference sf_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
batch.Update(sf_ref, {{"population", FieldValue::Integer(1000000)}});

// Delete the city 'LA'
DocumentReference la_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("LA");
batch.Delete(la_ref);

// Commit the batch
batch.Commit().OnCompletion([](const Future<void>& future) {
  if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) {
    std::cout << "Write batch success!\n";
  } else {
    std::cout << "Write batch failure: " << future.error_message() << '\n';
  }
});
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Get a new write batch
const batch = db.batch();

// Set the value of 'NYC'
const nycRef = db.collection('cities').doc('NYC');
batch.set(nycRef, {name: 'New York City'});

// Update the population of 'SF'
const sfRef = db.collection('cities').doc('SF');
batch.update(sfRef, {population: 1000000});

// Delete the city 'LA'
const laRef = db.collection('cities').doc('LA');
batch.delete(laRef);

// Commit the batch
await batch.commit();
index.js
Go
// Get a new write batch.
batch := client.Batch()

// Set the value of "NYC".
nycRef := client.Collection("cities").Doc("NYC")
batch.Set(nycRef, map[string]interface{}{
	"name": "New York City",
})

// Update the population of "SF".
sfRef := client.Collection("cities").Doc("SF")
batch.Set(sfRef, map[string]interface{}{
	"population": 1000000,
}, firestore.MergeAll)

// Delete the city "LA".
laRef := client.Collection("cities").Doc("LA")
batch.Delete(laRef)

// Commit the batch.
_, err := batch.Commit(ctx)
if err != nil {
	// Handle any errors in an appropriate way, such as returning them.
	log.Printf("An error has occurred: %s", err)
}
save.go
PHP
$batch = $db->batch();

# Set the data for NYC
$nycRef = $db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('NYC');
$batch->set($nycRef, [
    'name' => 'New York City'
]);

# Update the population for SF
$sfRef = $db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('SF');
$batch->update($sfRef, [
    ['path' => 'population', 'value' => 1000000]
]);

# Delete LA
$laRef = $db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('LA');
$batch->delete($laRef);

# Commit the batch
$batch->commit();
data_batch_writes.php
Unity
WriteBatch batch = db.StartBatch();

// Set the data for NYC
DocumentReference nycRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("NYC");
Dictionary<string, object> nycData = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "name", "New York City" }
};
batch.Set(nycRef, nycData);

// Update the population for SF
DocumentReference sfRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "Population", 1000000}
};
batch.Update(sfRef, updates);

// Delete LA
DocumentReference laRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("LA");
batch.Delete(laRef);

// Commit the batch
batch.CommitAsync();
C#
WriteBatch batch = db.StartBatch();

// Set the data for NYC
DocumentReference nycRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("NYC");
Dictionary<string, object> nycData = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "name", "New York City" }
};
batch.Set(nycRef, nycData);

// Update the population for SF
DocumentReference sfRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "Population", 1000000}
};
batch.Update(sfRef, updates);

// Delete LA
DocumentReference laRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("LA");
batch.Delete(laRef);

// Commit the batch
await batch.CommitAsync();
Program.cs
Ruby
firestore.batch do |b|
  # Set the data for NYC
  b.set "#{collection_path}/NYC", { name: "New York City" }

  # Update the population for SF
  b.update "#{collection_path}/SF", { population: 1_000_000 }

  # Delete LA
  b.delete "#{collection_path}/LA"
end
transactions_and_batched_writes.rb

バッチ書き込みでは最大 500 件のオペレーションを実行できます。バッチ内の各オペレーションは別々に Cloud Firestore の使用量として計上されます。

バッチ書き込みはトランザクションと同様にアトミックです。トランザクションとは異なり、バッチ書き込みで読み取りドキュメントが変更されていないことを確認する必要がないため、失敗するケースが少なくなります。また、再試行の対象ではなく、過剰な再試行による失敗の影響を受けません。バッチ書き込みは、ユーザーのデバイスがオフラインの場合でも実行できます。

アトミック オペレーションに関するデータの検証

モバイル / ウェブ クライアント ライブラリの場合は、Cloud Firestore セキュリティ ルールを使用してデータを検証できます。関連ドキュメントが常に自動的に更新され、かつ常にトランザクションまたはバッチ書き込みの一環として更新されるようにできます。一連のオペレーションが完了した後、Cloud Firestore がオペレーションを commit する前の時点で、ドキュメントの状態にアクセスして検証するには、getAfter() セキュリティ ルール関数を使用します。

たとえば、cities の例のデータベースに countries コレクションも含まれている場合を考えます。それぞれの country ドキュメントで、last_updated フィールドを使用して、その国に関連する都市が最後に更新された時刻を追跡します。次のセキュリティ ルールでは、city ドキュメントを更新する場合は、関連する国の last_updated フィールドもアトミックに更新することを要求しています。

service cloud.firestore {
  match /databases/{database}/documents {
    // If you update a city doc, you must also
    // update the related country's last_updated field.
    match /cities/{city} {
      allow write: if request.auth != null &&
        getAfter(
          /databases/$(database)/documents/countries/$(request.resource.data.country)
        ).data.last_updated == request.time;
    }

    match /countries/{country} {
      allow write: if request.auth != null;
    }
  }
}

セキュリティ ルールの制限

バッチ内の各ドキュメント オペレーションの呼び出し回数の上限は通常 10 回ですが、これに加え、トランザクションまたはバッチ書き込みのセキュリティ ルールでは、アトミック オペレーション全体についてドキュメント アクセス呼び出しの回数の上限が 20 回となっています。

チャット アプリケーションの場合の例を以下に示します。

service cloud.firestore {
  match /databases/{db}/documents {
    function prefix() {
      return /databases/{db}/documents;
    }
    match /chatroom/{roomId} {
      allow read, write: if request.auth != null && roomId in get(/$(prefix())/users/$(request.auth.uid)).data.chats
                            || exists(/$(prefix())/admins/$(request.auth.uid));
    }
    match /users/{userId} {
      allow read, write: if request.auth != null && request.auth.uid == userId
                            || exists(/$(prefix())/admins/$(request.auth.uid));
    }
    match /admins/{userId} {
      allow read, write: if request.auth != null && exists(/$(prefix())/admins/$(request.auth.uid));
    }
  }
}

以下のスニペットは、いくつかのデータアクセス パターンに使用されるドキュメント アクセス呼び出しの回数を示しています。

// 0 document access calls used, because the rules evaluation short-circuits
// before the exists() call is invoked.
db.collection('user').doc('myuid').get(...);

// 1 document access call used. The maximum total allowed for this call
// is 10, because it is a single document request.
db.collection('chatroom').doc('mygroup').get(...);

// Initializing a write batch...
var batch = db.batch();

// 2 document access calls used, 10 allowed.
var group1Ref = db.collection("chatroom").doc("group1");
batch.set(group1Ref, {msg: "Hello, from Admin!"});

// 1 document access call used, 10 allowed.
var newUserRef = db.collection("users").doc("newuser");
batch.update(newUserRef, {"lastSignedIn": new Date()});

// 1 document access call used, 10 allowed.
var removedAdminRef = db.collection("admin").doc("otheruser");
batch.delete(removedAdminRef);

// The batch used a total of 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 document access calls, out of a total
// 20 allowed.
batch.commit();