Cloud Storage on Web ile dosya meta verilerini kullanma
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Cloud Storage referansına bir dosya yükledikten sonra, dosya meta verilerini (ör. içerik türünü güncellemek için) alabilir veya güncelleyebilirsiniz. Dosyalar, ek dosya meta verileriyle özel anahtar/değer çiftlerini de saklayabilir.
Dosya meta verilerini alma
Dosya meta verileri, name, size ve contentType (genellikle MIME türü olarak adlandırılır) gibi yaygın özelliklerin yanı sıra contentDisposition ve timeCreated gibi daha az yaygın olan bazı özellikleri içerir. Bu meta veriler, Cloud Storage yöntemi kullanılarak bir getMetadata() referansından alınabilir. getMetadata(), tam meta verileri içeren bir Promise veya Promise reddedilirse bir hata döndürür.
Web
import{getStorage,ref,getMetadata}from"firebase/storage";// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrieveconststorage=getStorage();constforestRef=ref(storage,'images/forest.jpg');// Get metadata propertiesgetMetadata(forestRef).then((metadata)=>{// Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrievevarforestRef=storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');// Get metadata propertiesforestRef.getMetadata().then((metadata)=>{// Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
Dosya yükleme işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra updateMetadata() yöntemini kullanarak dosya meta verilerini istediğiniz zaman güncelleyebilirsiniz. Hangi özelliklerin güncellenebileceği hakkında daha fazla bilgi için tam listeye bakın. Yalnızca meta verilerde belirtilen özellikler güncellenir, diğer tüm özellikler değiştirilmeden bırakılır. updateMetadata(), tam meta verileri içeren bir Promise veya Promise reddederse bir hata döndürür.
Web
import{getStorage,ref,updateMetadata}from"firebase/storage";// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to changeconststorage=getStorage();constforestRef=ref(storage,'images/forest.jpg');// Create file metadata to updateconstnewMetadata={cacheControl:'public,max-age=300',contentType:'image/jpeg'};// Update metadata propertiesupdateMetadata(forestRef,newMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to changevarforestRef=storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');// Create file metadata to updatevarnewMetadata={cacheControl:'public,max-age=300',contentType:'image/jpeg'};// Update metadata propertiesforestRef.updateMetadata(newMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
Bir meta veri özelliğini null olarak ayarlayarak silebilirsiniz:
Web
import{getStorage,ref,updateMetadata}from"firebase/storage";conststorage=getStorage();constforestRef=ref(storage,'images/forest.jpg');// Create file metadata with property to deleteconstdeleteMetadata={contentType:null};// Delete the metadata propertyupdateMetadata(forestRef,deleteMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// metadata.contentType should be null}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
// Create file metadata with property to deletevardeleteMetadata={contentType:null};// Delete the metadata propertyforestRef.updateMetadata(deleteMetadata).then((metadata)=>{// metadata.contentType should be null}).catch((error)=>{// Uh-oh, an error occurred!});
Dosyanın mevcut olmaması veya kullanıcının istenen dosyaya erişim izninin olmaması gibi çeşitli nedenlerle meta veriler alınırken veya güncellenirken hatalar oluşabilir. Hatalar hakkında daha fazla bilgiyi dokümanların Hataları İşleme bölümünde bulabilirsiniz.
Özel Meta Veriler
Özel meta verileri, String özelliklerini içeren bir nesne olarak belirtebilirsiniz.
Web
constmetadata={customMetadata:{'location':'Yosemite, CA, USA','activity':'Hiking'}};
Her dosya için uygulamaya özel ek verileri depolamak üzere özel meta verileri kullanabilirsiniz ancak bu tür verileri depolamak ve senkronize etmek için bir veritabanı (ör. Firebase Realtime Database) kullanmanızı önemle tavsiye ederiz.
Dosya Meta Verisi Özellikleri
Bir dosyadaki meta veri özelliklerinin tam listesini aşağıda bulabilirsiniz:
Özellik
Tür
Yazılabilir
bucket
dize
HAYIR
generation
dize
HAYIR
metageneration
dize
HAYIR
fullPath
dize
HAYIR
name
dize
HAYIR
size
sayı
HAYIR
timeCreated
dize
HAYIR
updated
dize
HAYIR
md5Hash
dize
Yükleme sırasında EVET, updateMetadata sırasında HAYIR
cacheControl
dize
EVET
contentDisposition
dize
EVET
contentEncoding
dize
EVET
contentLanguage
dize
EVET
contentType
dize
EVET
customMetadata
Dize->dize eşlemelerini içeren nesne
EVET
Dosyaları yüklemek, indirmek ve güncellemek önemlidir ancak bunları kaldırabilmek de önemlidir. Cloud Storage'dan dosyaları nasıl sileceğinizi öğrenelim.
[null,null,["Son güncelleme tarihi: 2025-08-08 UTC."],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nAfter uploading a file to Cloud Storage reference, you can also get\nor update the file metadata, for example to update the content type. Files\ncan also store custom key/value pairs with additional file metadata.\n| **Note:** By default, a Cloud Storage for Firebase bucket requires Firebase Authentication to perform any action on the bucket's data or files. You can change your Firebase Security Rules for Cloud Storage to [allow unauthenticated access for specific situations](/docs/storage/security/rules-conditions#public). However, for most situations, we strongly recommend [restricting access and setting up robust security rules](/docs/storage/security/get-started) (especially for production apps). Note that if you use Google App Engine and have a default Cloud Storage bucket with a name format of `*.appspot.com`, you may need to consider [how your security rules impact access to App Engine files](/docs/storage/gcp-integration#security-rules-and-app-engine-files).\n\nGet File Metadata\n\nFile metadata contains common properties such as `name`, `size`, and\n`contentType` (often referred to as MIME type) in addition to some less\ncommon ones like `contentDisposition` and `timeCreated`. This metadata can be\nretrieved from a Cloud Storage reference using\nthe `getMetadata()` method. `getMetadata()` returns a `Promise` containing the\ncomplete metadata, or an error if the `Promise` rejects. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref, getMetadata } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrieve\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst forestRef = ref(storage, 'images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Get metadata properties\ngetMetadata(forestRef)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'\n })\n .catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_get_metadata.js#L8-L21\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to retrieve\nvar forestRef = storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Get metadata properties\nforestRef.getMetadata()\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Metadata now contains the metadata for 'images/forest.jpg'\n })\n .catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L8-L18\n```\n\nUpdate File Metadata\n\nYou can update file metadata at any time after the file upload completes by\nusing the `updateMetadata()` method. Refer to the\n[full list](#file_metadata_properties) for more information on what properties\ncan be updated. Only the properties specified in the metadata are updated,\nall others are left unmodified. `updateMetadata()` returns a `Promise`\ncontaining the complete metadata, or an error if the `Promise` rejects. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref, updateMetadata } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to change\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst forestRef = ref(storage, 'images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Create file metadata to update\nconst newMetadata = {\n cacheControl: 'public,max-age=300',\n contentType: 'image/jpeg'\n};\n\n// Update metadata properties\nupdateMetadata(forestRef, newMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_update_metadata.js#L8-L26\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create a reference to the file whose metadata we want to change\nvar forestRef = storageRef.child('images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Create file metadata to update\nvar newMetadata = {\n cacheControl: 'public,max-age=300',\n contentType: 'image/jpeg'\n};\n\n// Update metadata properties\nforestRef.updateMetadata(newMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // Updated metadata for 'images/forest.jpg' is returned in the Promise\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L26-L41\n```\n\nYou can delete a metadata property by setting it to `null`: \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nimport { getStorage, ref, updateMetadata } from \"firebase/storage\";\n\nconst storage = getStorage();\nconst forestRef = ref(storage, 'images/forest.jpg');\n\n// Create file metadata with property to delete\nconst deleteMetadata = {\n contentType: null\n};\n\n// Delete the metadata property\nupdateMetadata(forestRef, deleteMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // metadata.contentType should be null\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_delete_metadata.js#L8-L24\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\n// Create file metadata with property to delete\nvar deleteMetadata = {\n contentType: null\n};\n\n// Delete the metadata property\nforestRef.updateMetadata(deleteMetadata)\n .then((metadata) =\u003e {\n // metadata.contentType should be null\n }).catch((error) =\u003e {\n // Uh-oh, an error occurred!\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L50-L62\n```\n\nHandle Errors\n\nThere are a number of reasons why errors may occur on getting or updating\nmetadata, including the file not existing, or the user not having permission\nto access the desired file. More information on errors can be found in the\n[Handle Errors](/docs/storage/web/handle-errors)\nsection of the docs.\n\nCustom Metadata\n\nYou can specify custom metadata as an object containing `String` properties. \n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nconst metadata = {\n customMetadata: {\n 'location': 'Yosemite, CA, USA',\n 'activity': 'Hiking'\n }\n};https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/snippets/storage-next/file-metadata/storage_custom_metadata.js#L8-L13\n```\n\nWeb \n\n```javascript\nvar metadata = {\n customMetadata: {\n 'location': 'Yosemite, CA, USA',\n 'activity': 'Hiking'\n }\n};https://github.com/firebase/snippets-web/blob/467eaa165dcbd9b3ab15711e76fa52237ba37f8b/storage/file-metadata.js#L68-L73\n```\n\nYou can use custom metadata for storing additional app specific data for each\nfile, but we highly recommend using a database (such as the\n[Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database))\nto store and synchronize this type of data.\n\nFile Metadata Properties\n\nA full list of metadata properties on a file is available below:\n\n| Property | Type | Writable |\n|----------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|\n| `bucket` | string | NO |\n| `generation` | string | NO |\n| `metageneration` | string | NO |\n| `fullPath` | string | NO |\n| `name` | string | NO |\n| `size` | number | NO |\n| `timeCreated` | string | NO |\n| `updated` | string | NO |\n| `md5Hash` | string | YES on upload, NO on updateMetadata |\n| `cacheControl` | string | YES |\n| `contentDisposition` | string | YES |\n| `contentEncoding` | string | YES |\n| `contentLanguage` | string | YES |\n| `contentType` | string | YES |\n| `customMetadata` | Object containing string-\\\u003estring mappings | YES |\n\n| **Note:** at present, setting the `md5Hash` property on upload doesn't affect the upload, as hash verification is not yet implemented.\n\nUploading, downloading, and updating files is important, but so is being able\nto remove them. Let's learn how to\n[delete files](/docs/storage/web/delete-files)\nfrom Cloud Storage."]]