创建 Cloud Storage 引用 (Android)
使用集合让一切井井有条
根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。
您的文件存储在 Cloud Storage 存储桶中。此存储桶中的文件以分层结构存储,就像本地硬盘中的文件系统或 Firebase Realtime Database 中的数据一样。通过创建指向文件的引用,您的应用便可以访问相应文件。然后,借助所创建的这些引用,您可以上传或下载数据、获取或更新元数据,也可以删除文件。引用可以指向特定的文件,也可以指向层次结构中更高层级的节点。
如果您使用过 Firebase Realtime Database,应当非常熟悉这些路径。只不过,您的文件数据存储在 Cloud Storage 中,而不是存储在 Realtime Database 中。
创建引用
如需上传、下载或删除文件,或者需要获取或更新文件的元数据,请创建引用。引用可以看作是指向云端文件的指针。由于引用属于轻型对象,因此您可以根据需要创建任意多个引用。
这些引用可以重复用于多个操作。
使用 FirebaseStorage
单例实例并调用其 getReference()
方法创建引用。
Kotlin
// Create a storage reference from our app
var storageRef = storage.reference
Java
// Create a storage reference from our app
StorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();
接下来,您可以对现有引用使用 child()
方法,创建对树中层级较低位置(如 "images/space.jpg"
)的引用。
Kotlin
// Create a child reference
// imagesRef now points to "images"
var imagesRef: StorageReference? = storageRef.child("images")
// Child references can also take paths
// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg
// imagesRef still points to "images"
var spaceRef = storageRef.child("images/space.jpg")
Java
// Create a child reference
// imagesRef now points to "images"
StorageReference imagesRef = storageRef.child("images");
// Child references can also take paths
// spaceRef now points to "images/space.jpg
// imagesRef still points to "images"
StorageReference spaceRef = storageRef.child("images/space.jpg");
通过引用进行导航
您还可以使用 getParent()
和 getRoot()
方法,在我们的文件层次结构中向上导航。getParent()
可以向上导航一级,而 getRoot()
可以一直导航至根目录。
Kotlin
// parent allows us to move our reference to a parent node
// imagesRef now points to 'images'
imagesRef = spaceRef.parent
// root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket
// rootRef now points to the root
val rootRef = spaceRef.root
Java
// getParent allows us to move our reference to a parent node
// imagesRef now points to 'images'
imagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();
// getRoot allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket
// rootRef now points to the root
StorageReference rootRef = spaceRef.getRoot();
child()
、getParent()
和 getRoot()
可以链接在一起并链接多次,每次都会返回一个引用。但调用 getRoot().getParent()
会返回 null
。
Kotlin
// References can be chained together multiple times
// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'
val earthRef = spaceRef.parent?.child("earth.jpg")
// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null
val nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent
Java
// References can be chained together multiple times
// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'
StorageReference earthRef = spaceRef.getParent().child("earth.jpg");
// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null
StorageReference nullRef = spaceRef.getRoot().getParent();
引用的属性
您可以使用 getPath()
、getName()
和 getBucket()
方法查看引用,以便更好地了解它们指向的文件。这些方法将获取文件的完整路径、名称和存储桶。
Kotlin
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"
// This is analogous to a file path on disk
spaceRef.path
// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"
// This is analogous to the file name
spaceRef.name
// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in
spaceRef.bucket
Java
// Reference's path is: "images/space.jpg"
// This is analogous to a file path on disk
spaceRef.getPath();
// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: "space.jpg"
// This is analogous to the file name
spaceRef.getName();
// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in
spaceRef.getBucket();
引用限制
引用路径和名称可以包含有效 Unicode 字符的任意序列,但也必须遵循一些限制,具体包括:
- 使用 UTF-8 编码时,reference.fullPath 的总长度必须介于 1 到 1024 个字节之间。
- 不得包含回车符或换行符。
- 避免使用
#
、[
、]
、*
或 ?
,因为这些字符在 Firebase Realtime Database 或 gsutil 等其他工具中无法正常显示。
完整示例
Kotlin
// Points to the root reference
storageRef = storage.reference
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = storageRef.child("images")
// Points to "images/space.jpg"
// Note that you can use variables to create child values
val fileName = "space.jpg"
spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)
// File path is "images/space.jpg"
val path = spaceRef.path
// File name is "space.jpg"
val name = spaceRef.name
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = spaceRef.parent
Java
// Points to the root reference
storageRef = storage.getReference();
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = storageRef.child("images");
// Points to "images/space.jpg"
// Note that you can use variables to create child values
String fileName = "space.jpg";
spaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);
// File path is "images/space.jpg"
String path = spaceRef.getPath();
// File name is "space.jpg"
String name = spaceRef.getName();
// Points to "images"
imagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();
接下来,我们将了解如何将文件上传到 Cloud Storage。
如未另行说明,那么本页面中的内容已根据知识共享署名 4.0 许可获得了许可,并且代码示例已根据 Apache 2.0 许可获得了许可。有关详情,请参阅 Google 开发者网站政策。Java 是 Oracle 和/或其关联公司的注册商标。
最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-08-21。
[null,null,["最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-08-21。"],[],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYour files are stored in a\n[Cloud Storage](//cloud.google.com/storage) bucket. The\nfiles in this bucket are presented in a hierarchical structure, just like the\nfile system on your local hard disk, or the data in the Firebase Realtime Database.\nBy creating a reference to a file, your app gains access to it. These references\ncan then be used to upload or download data, get or update metadata or delete\nthe file. A reference can either point to a specific file or to a higher level\nnode in the hierarchy.\n\nIf you've used the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database), these paths should\nseem very familiar to you. However, your file data is stored in\nCloud Storage, **not** in the Realtime Database.\n\nCreate a Reference\n\nCreate a reference to upload, download, or delete a file,\nor to get or update its metadata. A reference\ncan be thought of as a pointer to a file in the cloud. References are\nlightweight, so you can create as many as you need. They are also reusable for\nmultiple operations.\n\nCreate a reference using the `FirebaseStorage` singleton instance and\ncalling its `getReference()` method. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nvar storageRef = storage.reference \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L49-L50\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a storage reference from our app\nStorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L78-L79\n```\n\nNext, you can create a reference to a location lower in the tree,\nsay `\"images/space.jpg\"` by using the `child()` method on an existing reference. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nvar imagesRef: StorageReference? = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Child references can also take paths\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nvar spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\")https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L54-L61\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Create a child reference\n// imagesRef now points to \"images\"\nStorageReference imagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\");\n\n// Child references can also take paths\n// spaceRef now points to \"images/space.jpg\n// imagesRef still points to \"images\"\nStorageReference spaceRef = storageRef.child(\"images/space.jpg\");https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L83-L90\n```\n\nNavigate with References\n\nYou can also use the `getParent()` and `getRoot()` methods to navigate up in our\nfile hierarchy. `getParent()` navigates up one level,\nwhile `getRoot()` navigates all the way to the top. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// parent allows us to move our reference to a parent node\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = spaceRef.parent\n\n// root allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nval rootRef = spaceRef.root \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L67-L73\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// getParent allows us to move our reference to a parent node\n// imagesRef now points to 'images'\nimagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();\n\n// getRoot allows us to move all the way back to the top of our bucket\n// rootRef now points to the root\nStorageReference rootRef = spaceRef.getRoot();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L96-L102\n```\n\n`child()`, `getParent()`, and `getRoot()` can be chained together multiple\ntimes, as each returns a reference. But calling `getRoot().getParent()` returns `null`. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\nval earthRef = spaceRef.parent?.child(\"earth.jpg\")\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nval nullRef = spaceRef.root.parent \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L77-L82\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// References can be chained together multiple times\n// earthRef points to 'images/earth.jpg'\nStorageReference earthRef = spaceRef.getParent().child(\"earth.jpg\");\n\n// nullRef is null, since the parent of root is null\nStorageReference nullRef = spaceRef.getRoot().getParent();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L106-L111\n```\n\nReference Properties\n\nYou can inspect references to better understand the files they point to\nusing the `getPath()`, `getName()`, and `getBucket()` methods. These methods\nget the file's full path, name and bucket. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.path\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.name\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in\nspaceRef.bucket \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L88-L97\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Reference's path is: \"images/space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to a file path on disk\nspaceRef.getPath();\n\n// Reference's name is the last segment of the full path: \"space.jpg\"\n// This is analogous to the file name\nspaceRef.getName();\n\n// Reference's bucket is the name of the storage bucket that the files are stored in\nspaceRef.getBucket();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L117-L126\n```\n\nLimitations on References\n\nReference paths and names can contain any sequence of valid Unicode characters,\nbut certain restrictions are imposed including:\n\n1. Total length of reference.fullPath must be between 1 and 1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.\n2. No Carriage Return or Line Feed characters.\n3. Avoid using `#`, `[`, `]`, `*`, or `?`, as these do not work well with other tools such as the [Firebase Realtime Database](/docs/database) or [gsutil](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil).\n\nFull Example \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\n// Points to the root reference\nstorageRef = storage.reference\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\")\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nval fileName = \"space.jpg\"\nspaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName)\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nval path = spaceRef.path\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nval name = spaceRef.name\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = spaceRef.parent \nhttps://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/kotlin/StorageActivity.kt#L103-L121\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\n// Points to the root reference\nstorageRef = storage.getReference();\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = storageRef.child(\"images\");\n\n// Points to \"images/space.jpg\"\n// Note that you can use variables to create child values\nString fileName = \"space.jpg\";\nspaceRef = imagesRef.child(fileName);\n\n// File path is \"images/space.jpg\"\nString path = spaceRef.getPath();\n\n// File name is \"space.jpg\"\nString name = spaceRef.getName();\n\n// Points to \"images\"\nimagesRef = spaceRef.getParent();https://github.com/firebase/snippets-android/blob/391c1646eacf44d2aab3f76bcfa60dfc6c14acf1/storage/app/src/main/java/com/google/firebase/referencecode/storage/StorageActivity.java#L132-L150\n```\n\nNext, let's learn how to\n[upload files](/docs/storage/android/upload-files) to\nCloud Storage."]]