Cloud Storage for Firebase 可讓您快速輕鬆地將檔案上傳至 Firebase 提供並管理的 Cloud Storage 儲存體。
上傳檔案
如要將檔案上傳至 Cloud Storage,請先建立檔案完整路徑的參照項目,包括檔案名稱。
Kotlin
// Create a storage reference from our app val storageRef = storage.reference // Create a reference to "mountains.jpg" val mountainsRef = storageRef.child("mountains.jpg") // Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg' val mountainImagesRef = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg") // While the file names are the same, the references point to different files mountainsRef.name == mountainImagesRef.name // true mountainsRef.path == mountainImagesRef.path // false
Java
// Create a storage reference from our app StorageReference storageRef = storage.getReference(); // Create a reference to "mountains.jpg" StorageReference mountainsRef = storageRef.child("mountains.jpg"); // Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg' StorageReference mountainImagesRef = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg"); // While the file names are the same, the references point to different files mountainsRef.getName().equals(mountainImagesRef.getName()); // true mountainsRef.getPath().equals(mountainImagesRef.getPath()); // false
建立適當的參照後,您可以呼叫 putBytes()
、putFile()
或 putStream()
方法,將檔案上傳至 Cloud Storage。
您無法上傳參照 Cloud Storage 值區根目錄的資料。參照項目必須指向子網址。
從記憶體中的資料上傳
putBytes()
方法是將檔案上傳至 Cloud Storage 最簡單的方式。putBytes()
會接收 byte[]
,並傳回 UploadTask
,您可以使用 UploadTask
管理及監控上傳作業的狀態。
Kotlin
// Get the data from an ImageView as bytes imageView.isDrawingCacheEnabled = true imageView.buildDrawingCache() val bitmap = (imageView.drawable as BitmapDrawable).bitmap val baos = ByteArrayOutputStream() bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos) val data = baos.toByteArray() var uploadTask = mountainsRef.putBytes(data) uploadTask.addOnFailureListener { // Handle unsuccessful uploads }.addOnSuccessListener { taskSnapshot -> // taskSnapshot.metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, etc. // ... }
Java
// Get the data from an ImageView as bytes imageView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true); imageView.buildDrawingCache(); Bitmap bitmap = ((BitmapDrawable) imageView.getDrawable()).getBitmap(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos); byte[] data = baos.toByteArray(); UploadTask uploadTask = mountainsRef.putBytes(data); uploadTask.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) { // Handle unsuccessful uploads } }).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { // taskSnapshot.getMetadata() contains file metadata such as size, content-type, etc. // ... } });
由於 putBytes()
會接受 byte[]
,因此需要應用程式一次在記憶體中保留檔案的完整內容。建議您使用 putStream()
或 putFile()
,以便減少記憶體用量。
從串流上傳
putStream()
方法是上傳檔案至 Cloud Storage 最通用的方式。putStream()
會接收 InputStream
,並傳回 UploadTask
,您可以使用 UploadTask
管理及監控上傳作業的狀態。
Kotlin
val stream = FileInputStream(File("path/to/images/rivers.jpg")) uploadTask = mountainsRef.putStream(stream) uploadTask.addOnFailureListener { // Handle unsuccessful uploads }.addOnSuccessListener { taskSnapshot -> // taskSnapshot.metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, etc. // ... }
Java
InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File("path/to/images/rivers.jpg")); uploadTask = mountainsRef.putStream(stream); uploadTask.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) { // Handle unsuccessful uploads } }).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { // taskSnapshot.getMetadata() contains file metadata such as size, content-type, etc. // ... } });
從本機檔案上傳
您可以使用 putFile()
方法,上傳裝置上的本機檔案,例如相機拍攝的相片和影片。putFile()
會接收 File
,並傳回 UploadTask
,您可以使用 UploadTask
管理及監控上傳狀態。
Kotlin
var file = Uri.fromFile(File("path/to/images/rivers.jpg")) val riversRef = storageRef.child("images/${file.lastPathSegment}") uploadTask = riversRef.putFile(file) // Register observers to listen for when the download is done or if it fails uploadTask.addOnFailureListener { // Handle unsuccessful uploads }.addOnSuccessListener { taskSnapshot -> // taskSnapshot.metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, etc. // ... }
Java
Uri file = Uri.fromFile(new File("path/to/images/rivers.jpg")); StorageReference riversRef = storageRef.child("images/"+file.getLastPathSegment()); uploadTask = riversRef.putFile(file); // Register observers to listen for when the download is done or if it fails uploadTask.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) { // Handle unsuccessful uploads } }).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { // taskSnapshot.getMetadata() contains file metadata such as size, content-type, etc. // ... } });
取得下載網址
上傳檔案後,您可以呼叫 StorageReference
上的 getDownloadUrl()
方法,取得下載檔案的網址:
Kotlin
val ref = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg") uploadTask = ref.putFile(file) val urlTask = uploadTask.continueWithTask { task -> if (!task.isSuccessful) { task.exception?.let { throw it } } ref.downloadUrl }.addOnCompleteListener { task -> if (task.isSuccessful) { val downloadUri = task.result } else { // Handle failures // ... } }
Java
final StorageReference ref = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg"); uploadTask = ref.putFile(file); Task<Uri> urlTask = uploadTask.continueWithTask(new Continuation<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot, Task<Uri>>() { @Override public Task<Uri> then(@NonNull Task<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot> task) throws Exception { if (!task.isSuccessful()) { throw task.getException(); } // Continue with the task to get the download URL return ref.getDownloadUrl(); } }).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Uri>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Uri> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { Uri downloadUri = task.getResult(); } else { // Handle failures // ... } } });
新增檔案中繼資料
您也可以在上傳檔案時加入中繼資料。這項中繼資料包含一般檔案中繼資料屬性,例如 name
、size
和 contentType
(通常稱為 MIME 類型)。putFile()
方法會自動從 File
副檔名推斷 MIME 類型,但您可以透過在中繼資料中指定 contentType
,覆寫自動偵測的類型。如果您未提供 contentType
,且 Cloud Storage 無法從副檔名推斷預設值,Cloud Storage 會使用 application/octet-stream
。如要進一步瞭解檔案中繼資料,請參閱「使用檔案中繼資料」一節。
Kotlin
// Create file metadata including the content type var metadata = storageMetadata { contentType = "image/jpg" } // Upload the file and metadata uploadTask = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg").putFile(file, metadata)
Java
// Create file metadata including the content type StorageMetadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder() .setContentType("image/jpg") .build(); // Upload the file and metadata uploadTask = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg").putFile(file, metadata);
管理上傳項目
除了開始上傳作業,您還可以使用 pause()
、resume()
和 cancel()
方法暫停、繼續及取消上傳作業。暫停和繼續播放事件會分別觸發 pause
和 progress
狀態變更。取消上傳會導致上傳失敗,並顯示上傳已取消的錯誤訊息。
Kotlin
uploadTask = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg").putFile(file) // Pause the upload uploadTask.pause() // Resume the upload uploadTask.resume() // Cancel the upload uploadTask.cancel()
Java
uploadTask = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg").putFile(file); // Pause the upload uploadTask.pause(); // Resume the upload uploadTask.resume(); // Cancel the upload uploadTask.cancel();
監控上傳進度
您可以新增事件監聽器,處理上傳工作的成功、失敗、進度或暫停情形:
事件監聽器類型 | 常見用途 |
---|---|
OnProgressListener |
這個事件監聽器會在資料傳輸時定期呼叫,可用於填入上傳/下載指標。 |
OnPausedListener |
每當工作暫停時,系統就會呼叫這個事件監聽器。 |
OnSuccessListener |
工作完成後,系統會呼叫這個事件監聽器。 |
OnFailureListener |
上傳失敗時,系統會呼叫這個事件監聽器。這可能是因為網路逾時、授權失敗,或是您取消了工作。 |
OnFailureListener
會使用 Exception
例項呼叫。其他事件監聽器會使用 UploadTask.TaskSnapshot
物件呼叫。這個物件是事件發生時,對工作不可變動的檢視畫面。UploadTask.TaskSnapshot
包含下列屬性:
屬性 | 類型 | 說明 |
---|---|---|
getDownloadUrl |
String |
可用於下載物件的網址。這是可與其他用戶端共用的公開網址,無法被猜測。上傳完成後,系統會填入這個值。 |
getError |
Exception |
如果工作失敗,這個值就會是例外狀況。 |
getBytesTransferred |
long |
擷取此快照時已傳輸的位元組總數。 |
getTotalByteCount |
long |
預期上傳的位元組總數。 |
getUploadSessionUri |
String |
可用於透過另一個 putFile 呼叫繼續此工作的 URI。 |
getMetadata |
StorageMetadata |
在上傳完成之前,這就是傳送至伺服器的中繼資料。上傳完成後,這是伺服器傳回的中繼資料。 |
getTask |
UploadTask |
建立此快照的工作。您可以使用這項工作來取消、暫停或繼續上傳。 |
getStorage |
StorageReference |
用於建立 UploadTask 的 StorageReference 。 |
UploadTask
事件監聽器提供簡單又強大的上傳事件監控方式。
Kotlin
// Observe state change events such as progress, pause, and resume // You'll need to import com.google.firebase.storage.component1 and // com.google.firebase.storage.component2 uploadTask.addOnProgressListener { (bytesTransferred, totalByteCount) -> val progress = (100.0 * bytesTransferred) / totalByteCount Log.d(TAG, "Upload is $progress% done") }.addOnPausedListener { Log.d(TAG, "Upload is paused") }
Java
// Observe state change events such as progress, pause, and resume uploadTask.addOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onProgress(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { double progress = (100.0 * taskSnapshot.getBytesTransferred()) / taskSnapshot.getTotalByteCount(); Log.d(TAG, "Upload is " + progress + "% done"); } }).addOnPausedListener(new OnPausedListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onPaused(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { Log.d(TAG, "Upload is paused"); } });
處理活動生命週期變更
即使活動生命週期變更 (例如顯示對話方塊或旋轉螢幕),上傳作業仍會在背景繼續進行。您附加的任何事件監聽器也會保留附加狀態。如果在活動停止後呼叫這些方法,可能會導致非預期的結果。
您可以透過活動範圍訂閱事件監聽器,以便在活動停止時自動取消註冊。然後在活動重新啟動時使用 getActiveUploadTasks
方法,取得仍在執行或最近完成的上傳工作。
以下範例說明這項功能,並示範如何儲存所使用的儲存空間參照路徑。
Kotlin
override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState) // If there's an upload in progress, save the reference so you can query it later outState.putString("reference", storageRef.toString()) } override fun onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState: Bundle) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState) // If there was an upload in progress, get its reference and create a new StorageReference val stringRef = savedInstanceState.getString("reference") ?: return storageRef = Firebase.storage.getReferenceFromUrl(stringRef) // Find all UploadTasks under this StorageReference (in this example, there should be one) val tasks = storageRef.activeUploadTasks if (tasks.size > 0) { // Get the task monitoring the upload val task = tasks[0] // Add new listeners to the task using an Activity scope task.addOnSuccessListener(this) { // Success! // ... } } }
Java
@Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); // If there's an upload in progress, save the reference so you can query it later if (mStorageRef != null) { outState.putString("reference", mStorageRef.toString()); } } @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState); // If there was an upload in progress, get its reference and create a new StorageReference final String stringRef = savedInstanceState.getString("reference"); if (stringRef == null) { return; } mStorageRef = FirebaseStorage.getInstance().getReferenceFromUrl(stringRef); // Find all UploadTasks under this StorageReference (in this example, there should be one) List<UploadTask> tasks = mStorageRef.getActiveUploadTasks(); if (tasks.size() > 0) { // Get the task monitoring the upload UploadTask task = tasks.get(0); // Add new listeners to the task using an Activity scope task.addOnSuccessListener(this, new OnSuccessListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot state) { // Success! // ... } }); } }
getActiveUploadTasks
會擷取提供參照項目中和下方的所有有效上傳工作,因此您可能需要處理多項工作。
在程序重新啟動時繼續上傳
如果程序關閉,所有進行中的上傳作業都會中斷。不過,您可以透過與伺服器恢復上傳工作階段,繼續上傳。這樣一來,系統就不會從檔案開頭開始上傳,可節省時間和頻寬。
如要這麼做,請透過 putFile
開始上傳。在產生的 StorageTask
上呼叫 getUploadSessionUri
,並將產生的值儲存在永久性儲存空間 (例如 SharedPreferences) 中。
Kotlin
uploadTask = storageRef.putFile(localFile) uploadTask.addOnProgressListener { taskSnapshot -> sessionUri = taskSnapshot.uploadSessionUri if (sessionUri != null && !saved) { saved = true // A persisted session has begun with the server. // Save this to persistent storage in case the process dies. } }
Java
uploadTask = mStorageRef.putFile(localFile); uploadTask.addOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onProgress(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { Uri sessionUri = taskSnapshot.getUploadSessionUri(); if (sessionUri != null && !mSaved) { mSaved = true; // A persisted session has begun with the server. // Save this to persistent storage in case the process dies. } } });
在程序重新啟動並中斷上傳後,請再次呼叫 putFile。但這次也要傳遞已儲存的 Uri。
Kotlin
// resume the upload task from where it left off when the process died. // to do this, pass the sessionUri as the last parameter uploadTask = storageRef.putFile( localFile, storageMetadata { }, sessionUri, )
Java
//resume the upload task from where it left off when the process died. //to do this, pass the sessionUri as the last parameter uploadTask = mStorageRef.putFile(localFile, new StorageMetadata.Builder().build(), sessionUri);
工作階段持續一週。如果您嘗試在工作階段到期後恢復工作階段,或工作階段發生錯誤,您會收到失敗的回呼。您有責任確保檔案在兩次上傳之間沒有任何異動。
處理錯誤
上傳時可能發生錯誤的原因有很多,包括本機檔案不存在,或是使用者沒有權限上傳所需檔案。如要進一步瞭解錯誤,請參閱說明文件的「處理錯誤」一節。
完整範例
以下是上傳內容的完整範例,其中包含進度監控和錯誤處理功能:
Kotlin
// File or Blob file = Uri.fromFile(File("path/to/mountains.jpg")) // Create the file metadata metadata = storageMetadata { contentType = "image/jpeg" } // Upload file and metadata to the path 'images/mountains.jpg' uploadTask = storageRef.child("images/${file.lastPathSegment}").putFile(file, metadata) // Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload. // You'll need to import com.google.firebase.storage.component1 and // com.google.firebase.storage.component2 uploadTask.addOnProgressListener { (bytesTransferred, totalByteCount) -> val progress = (100.0 * bytesTransferred) / totalByteCount Log.d(TAG, "Upload is $progress% done") }.addOnPausedListener { Log.d(TAG, "Upload is paused") }.addOnFailureListener { // Handle unsuccessful uploads }.addOnSuccessListener { // Handle successful uploads on complete // ... }
Java
// File or Blob file = Uri.fromFile(new File("path/to/mountains.jpg")); // Create the file metadata metadata = new StorageMetadata.Builder() .setContentType("image/jpeg") .build(); // Upload file and metadata to the path 'images/mountains.jpg' uploadTask = storageRef.child("images/"+file.getLastPathSegment()).putFile(file, metadata); // Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload. uploadTask.addOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onProgress(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { double progress = (100.0 * taskSnapshot.getBytesTransferred()) / taskSnapshot.getTotalByteCount(); Log.d(TAG, "Upload is " + progress + "% done"); } }).addOnPausedListener(new OnPausedListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onPaused(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { Log.d(TAG, "Upload is paused"); } }).addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception exception) { // Handle unsuccessful uploads } }).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() { @Override public void onSuccess(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) { // Handle successful uploads on complete // ... } });
檔案上傳完畢後,請參閱這篇文章,瞭解如何從 Cloud Storage下載檔案。