Mengenali Bangunan Terkenal dengan ML Kit di Android

Anda dapat menggunakan ML Kit untuk mengenali landmark dalam gambar.

Sebelum memulai

  1. Tambahkan Firebase ke project Android jika Anda belum melakukannya.
  2. Tambahkan dependensi untuk library Android ML Kit ke file Gradle modul (level aplikasi), biasanya app/build.gradle: 
    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

dependencies {
  // ...

  implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ml-vision:24.0.3'
}

  3. Jika Anda belum mengaktifkan API berbasis Cloud untuk project Anda, lakukan sekarang:

    1. Buka halaman ML Kit API pada Firebase console.

    2. Jika belum mengupgrade project ke paket harga Blaze, klik Upgrade untuk melakukannya. (Anda akan diminta untuk mengupgrade hanya jika project tersebut tidak menggunakan paket Blaze.)

      Hanya project tingkat Blaze yang dapat menggunakan API berbasis Cloud.

    3. Jika API berbasis Cloud belum diaktifkan, klik Aktifkan API berbasis Cloud.

Mengonfigurasi detektor bangunan terkenal

Secara default, detektor Cloud menggunakan versi STABLE dari model dan menampilkan hingga 10 hasil. Jika ingin mengubah salah satu setelan ini, tentukan dengan objek FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions.

Misalnya, untuk mengubah kedua setelan default, bangun objek FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions seperti pada contoh berikut:

Java

FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions options =
        new FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions.Builder()
                .setModelType(FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions.LATEST_MODEL)
                .setMaxResults(15)
                .build();
MainActivity.java

Kotlin+KTX

val options = FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions.Builder()
        .setModelType(FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions.LATEST_MODEL)
        .setMaxResults(15)
        .build()
MainActivity.kt

Untuk menggunakan setelan default, Anda dapat menggunakan FirebaseVisionCloudDetectorOptions.DEFAULT pada langkah berikutnya.

Menjalankan detektor tempat terkenal

Untuk mengenali tempat terkenal dalam gambar, buat objek FirebaseVisionImage dari Bitmap, media.Image, ByteBuffer, array byte, atau file di perangkat. Lalu, teruskan objek FirebaseVisionImage ke metode detectInImage FirebaseVisionCloudLandmarkDetector.

  1. Buat objek FirebaseVisionImage dari gambar Anda.

    • Untuk membuat objek FirebaseVisionImage dari objek media.Image, seperti saat mengambil gambar dari kamera perangkat, teruskan objek media.Image dan nilai rotasi gambar ke FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage().

      Jika Anda menggunakan library CameraX, class OnImageCapturedListener dan ImageAnalysis.Analyzer menghitung nilai rotasi, sehingga Anda hanya perlu mengonversi rotasi ke salah satu konstanta ROTATION_ ML Kit sebelum memanggil FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage():

      Java

      private class YourAnalyzer implements ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {

    private int degreesToFirebaseRotation(int degrees) {
        switch (degrees) {
            case 0:
                return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0;
            case 90:
                return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90;
            case 180:
                return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180;
            case 270:
                return FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270.");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void analyze(ImageProxy imageProxy, int degrees) {
        if (imageProxy == null || imageProxy.getImage() == null) {
            return;
        }
        Image mediaImage = imageProxy.getImage();
        int rotation = degreesToFirebaseRotation(degrees);
        FirebaseVisionImage image =
                FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation);
        // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
        // ...
    }
}

      Kotlin+KTX

      private class YourImageAnalyzer : ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {
    private fun degreesToFirebaseRotation(degrees: Int): Int = when(degrees) {
        0 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0
        90 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90
        180 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180
        270 -> FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270
        else -> throw Exception("Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270.")
    }

    override fun analyze(imageProxy: ImageProxy?, degrees: Int) {
        val mediaImage = imageProxy?.image
        val imageRotation = degreesToFirebaseRotation(degrees)
        if (mediaImage != null) {
            val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageRotation)
            // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
            // ...
        }
    }
}

      Jika tidak menggunakan library kamera yang memberikan nilai rotasi gambar, Anda dapat menghitungnya dari rotasi perangkat dan orientasi sensor kamera pada perangkat:

      Java

      private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
static {
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180);
}

/**
 * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
 * orientation.
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private int getRotationCompensation(String cameraId, Activity activity, Context context)
        throws CameraAccessException {
    // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
    // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
    // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
    int deviceRotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
    int rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation);

    // On most devices, the sensor orientation is 90 degrees, but for some
    // devices it is 270 degrees. For devices with a sensor orientation of
    // 270, rotate the image an additional 180 ((270 + 270) % 360) degrees.
    CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) context.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE);
    int sensorOrientation = cameraManager
            .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
            .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);
    rotationCompensation = (rotationCompensation + sensorOrientation + 270) % 360;

    // Return the corresponding FirebaseVisionImageMetadata rotation value.
    int result;
    switch (rotationCompensation) {
        case 0:
            result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0;
            break;
        case 90:
            result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90;
            break;
        case 180:
            result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180;
            break;
        case 270:
            result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270;
            break;
        default:
            result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0;
            Log.e(TAG, "Bad rotation value: " + rotationCompensation);
    }
    return result;
}
      VisionImage.java

      Kotlin+KTX

      private val ORIENTATIONS = SparseIntArray()

init {
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180)
}
/**
 * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
 * orientation.
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
@Throws(CameraAccessException::class)
private fun getRotationCompensation(cameraId: String, activity: Activity, context: Context): Int {
    // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
    // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
    // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
    val deviceRotation = activity.windowManager.defaultDisplay.rotation
    var rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation)

    // On most devices, the sensor orientation is 90 degrees, but for some
    // devices it is 270 degrees. For devices with a sensor orientation of
    // 270, rotate the image an additional 180 ((270 + 270) % 360) degrees.
    val cameraManager = context.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE) as CameraManager
    val sensorOrientation = cameraManager
            .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
            .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION)!!
    rotationCompensation = (rotationCompensation + sensorOrientation + 270) % 360

    // Return the corresponding FirebaseVisionImageMetadata rotation value.
    val result: Int
    when (rotationCompensation) {
        0 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0
        90 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_90
        180 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_180
        270 -> result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_270
        else -> {
            result = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.ROTATION_0
            Log.e(TAG, "Bad rotation value: $rotationCompensation")
        }
    }
    return result
}
      VisionImage.kt

      Lalu, teruskan objek media.Image dan nilai rotasi ke FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage():

      Java

      FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation);
      VisionImage.java

      Kotlin+KTX

      val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation)
      VisionImage.kt
    • Untuk membuat objek FirebaseVisionImage dari URI file, teruskan konteks aplikasi dan URI file ke FirebaseVisionImage.fromFilePath(). Hal ini berguna saat Anda menggunakan intent ACTION_GET_CONTENT untuk meminta pengguna memilih gambar dari aplikasi galeri mereka.

      Java

      FirebaseVisionImage image;
try {
    image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromFilePath(context, uri);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
      VisionImage.java

      Kotlin+KTX

      val image: FirebaseVisionImage
try {
    image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromFilePath(context, uri)
} catch (e: IOException) {
    e.printStackTrace()
}
      VisionImage.kt
    • Untuk membuat objek FirebaseVisionImage dari ByteBuffer atau array byte, pertama-tama hitung rotasi gambar seperti yang dijelaskan di atas untuk input media.Image.

      Lalu, buat objek FirebaseVisionImageMetadata yang berisi tinggi, lebar, format encoding warna, dan rotasi gambar:

      Java

      FirebaseVisionImageMetadata metadata = new FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.Builder()
        .setWidth(480)   // 480x360 is typically sufficient for
        .setHeight(360)  // image recognition
        .setFormat(FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21)
        .setRotation(rotation)
        .build();
      VisionImage.java

      Kotlin+KTX

      val metadata = FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.Builder()
        .setWidth(480) // 480x360 is typically sufficient for
        .setHeight(360) // image recognition
        .setFormat(FirebaseVisionImageMetadata.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21)
        .setRotation(rotation)
        .build()
      VisionImage.kt

      Gunakan buffering atau array, dan objek metadata, untuk membuat objek FirebaseVisionImage:

      Java

      FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteBuffer(buffer, metadata);
// Or: FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteArray(byteArray, metadata);
      VisionImage.java

      Kotlin+KTX

      val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteBuffer(buffer, metadata)
// Or: val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromByteArray(byteArray, metadata)
      VisionImage.kt
    • Untuk membuat objek FirebaseVisionImage dari objek Bitmap:

      Java

      FirebaseVisionImage image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromBitmap(bitmap);
      VisionImage.java

      Kotlin+KTX

      val image = FirebaseVisionImage.fromBitmap(bitmap)
      VisionImage.kt
      Gambar yang diwakili oleh objek Bitmap harus berposisi tegak, tanpa perlu rotasi tambahan.

  2. Dapatkan instance FirebaseVisionCloudLandmarkDetector:

    Java 

    FirebaseVisionCloudLandmarkDetector detector = FirebaseVision.getInstance()
        .getVisionCloudLandmarkDetector();
// Or, to change the default settings:
// FirebaseVisionCloudLandmarkDetector detector = FirebaseVision.getInstance()
//         .getVisionCloudLandmarkDetector(options);

    Kotlin+KTX 

    val detector = FirebaseVision.getInstance()
        .visionCloudLandmarkDetector
// Or, to change the default settings:
// val detector = FirebaseVision.getInstance()
//         .getVisionCloudLandmarkDetector(options)

  3. Terakhir, teruskan gambar ke metode detectInImage:

    Java 

    Task<List<FirebaseVisionCloudLandmark>> result = detector.detectInImage(image)
        .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<List<FirebaseVisionCloudLandmark>>() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(List<FirebaseVisionCloudLandmark> firebaseVisionCloudLandmarks) {
                // Task completed successfully
                // ...
            }
        })
        .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                // Task failed with an exception
                // ...
            }
        });

    Kotlin+KTX 

    val result = detector.detectInImage(image)
        .addOnSuccessListener { firebaseVisionCloudLandmarks ->
            // Task completed successfully
            // ...
        }
        .addOnFailureListener { e ->
            // Task failed with an exception
            // ...
        }

Mendapatkan informasi tentang tempat terkenal yang dikenali

Jika operasi pengenalan tempat terkenal berhasil, daftar objek FirebaseVisionCloudLandmark akan diteruskan ke pemroses peristiwa sukses. Setiap objek FirebaseVisionCloudLandmark mewakili tempat terkenal yang dikenali dalam gambar. Untuk setiap tempat terkenal, Anda bisa mendapatkan koordinat pembatasnya pada gambar input tersebut, nama tempat terkenal tersebut, garis lintang dan bujurnya, ID entity Pustaka Pengetahuannya (jika ada), dan skor keyakinan kecocokannya. Contoh:

Java 

for (FirebaseVisionCloudLandmark landmark: firebaseVisionCloudLandmarks) {

    Rect bounds = landmark.getBoundingBox();
    String landmarkName = landmark.getLandmark();
    String entityId = landmark.getEntityId();
    float confidence = landmark.getConfidence();

    // Multiple locations are possible, e.g., the location of the depicted
    // landmark and the location the picture was taken.
    for (FirebaseVisionLatLng loc: landmark.getLocations()) {
        double latitude = loc.getLatitude();
        double longitude = loc.getLongitude();
    }
}

Kotlin+KTX 

for (landmark in firebaseVisionCloudLandmarks) {

    val bounds = landmark.boundingBox
    val landmarkName = landmark.landmark
    val entityId = landmark.entityId
    val confidence = landmark.confidence

    // Multiple locations are possible, e.g., the location of the depicted
    // landmark and the location the picture was taken.
    for (loc in landmark.locations) {
        val latitude = loc.latitude
        val longitude = loc.longitude
    }
}

Langkah berikutnya