在 Apple 平台上使用 Facebook 登入進行驗證

您可將 Facebook Login 或 Facebook Limited 登入整合至您的應用程式,讓使用者使用 Facebook 帳戶向 Firebase 進行驗證。

事前準備

使用 Swift Package Manager 安裝及管理 Firebase 依附元件。

  1. 在 Xcode 中保持開啟應用程式專案,然後依序點選「File」>「Add Packages」
  2. 在系統提示時,新增 Firebase Apple 平台 SDK 存放區:
  3.   https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk.git
  4. 選擇 Firebase 驗證資料庫。
  5. 在目標建構設定的「Other Linker Flags」部分中新增 -ObjC 標記。
  6. 完成後,Xcode 會自動開始在背景解析並下載依附元件。

接下來,請執行一些設定步驟:

  1. Facebook for Developers 網站上,取得應用程式的「App ID」(應用程式 ID) 和「App Secret」(應用程式密鑰)
  2. 啟用 Facebook 登入:
    1. Firebase 控制台開啟「驗證」專區。
    2. 在「Sign in method」分頁中,啟用「Facebook」登入方法,並指定您從 Facebook 取得的「App ID」和「App Secret」
    3. 接著,在「Product Settings」>「Facebook Login」設定中,確定您的 Facebook 應用程式設定頁面,已將 OAuth 重新導向 URI (例如 my-app-12345.firebaseapp.com/__/auth/handler) 列為 Facebook 應用程式設定頁面的其中一個 OAuth 重新導向 URI

實作 Facebook 登入

如要使用「傳統版」Facebook 登入功能,請完成下列步驟。或者,您也可以使用 Facebook 有限登入功能,如下一節所示。

  1. 按照 開發人員說明文件的說明,將 Facebook 登入整合至應用程式。初始化 FBSDKLoginButton 物件時,請設定委派來接收登入和登出事件。例如:

    Swift

    let loginButton = FBSDKLoginButton()
    loginButton.delegate = self
    

    Objective-C

    FBSDKLoginButton *loginButton = [[FBSDKLoginButton alloc] init];
    loginButton.delegate = self;
    
    在委派中實作 didCompleteWithResult:error:

    Swift

    func loginButton(_ loginButton: FBSDKLoginButton!, didCompleteWith result: FBSDKLoginManagerLoginResult!, error: Error!) {
      if let error = error {
        print(error.localizedDescription)
        return
      }
      // ...
    }
    

    Objective-C

    - (void)loginButton:(FBSDKLoginButton *)loginButton
        didCompleteWithResult:(FBSDKLoginManagerLoginResult *)result
                        error:(NSError *)error {
      if (error == nil) {
        // ...
      } else {
        NSLog(error.localizedDescription);
      }
    }
    
  2. FirebaseCore 模組匯入 UIApplicationDelegate,以及應用程式委派使用的任何其他 Firebase 模組。例如,如要使用 Cloud Firestore 和驗證:

    SwiftUI

    import SwiftUI
    import FirebaseCore
    import FirebaseFirestore
    import FirebaseAuth
    // ...
          

    Swift

    import FirebaseCore
    import FirebaseFirestore
    import FirebaseAuth
    // ...
          

    Objective-C

    @import FirebaseCore;
    @import FirebaseFirestore;
    @import FirebaseAuth;
    // ...
          
  3. 在應用程式委派的 application(_:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:) 方法中設定 FirebaseApp 共用例項:

    SwiftUI

    // Use Firebase library to configure APIs
    FirebaseApp.configure()

    Swift

    // Use Firebase library to configure APIs
    FirebaseApp.configure()

    Objective-C

    // Use Firebase library to configure APIs
    [FIRApp configure];
  4. 如果您使用 SwiftUI,則必須建立應用程式委派,並透過 UIApplicationDelegateAdaptorNSApplicationDelegateAdaptor 將其附加至 App 結構體。您也必須停用應用程式委派功能切換功能。詳情請參閱 SwiftUI 操作說明

    SwiftUI

    @main
    struct YourApp: App {
      // register app delegate for Firebase setup
      @UIApplicationDelegateAdaptor(AppDelegate.self) var delegate
    
      var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
          NavigationView {
            ContentView()
          }
        }
      }
    }
          
  5. 使用者成功登入後,在實作 didCompleteWithResult:error: 時取得已登入使用者的存取權杖,然後用這個權杖兌換 Firebase 憑證:

    Swift

    let credential = FacebookAuthProvider
      .credential(withAccessToken: AccessToken.current!.tokenString)
    

    Objective-C

    FIRAuthCredential *credential = [FIRFacebookAuthProvider
        credentialWithAccessToken:[FBSDKAccessToken currentAccessToken].tokenString];
    

實作 Facebook 有限登入

如要使用 Facebook 有限登入取代「傳統」Facebook 登入功能,請完成下列步驟。

  1. 按照 開發人員說明文件所述,將 Facebook 有限登入整合至應用程式。
  2. 在每個登入要求中,產生一個不重複的隨機字串 (即「nonce」),您即可利用這個字串來確保系統專為回應應用程式的驗證要求而授予您取得的 ID 權杖。這個步驟非常重要,能防範重送攻擊。您可以使用 SecRandomCopyBytes(_:_:_) 產生經過加密的安全 Nonce,如以下範例所示:

    Swift

    private func randomNonceString(length: Int = 32) -> String {
      precondition(length > 0)
      var randomBytes = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: length)
      let errorCode = SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, randomBytes.count, &randomBytes)
      if errorCode != errSecSuccess {
        fatalError(
          "Unable to generate nonce. SecRandomCopyBytes failed with OSStatus \(errorCode)"
        )
      }
    
      let charset: [Character] =
        Array("0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-._")
    
      let nonce = randomBytes.map { byte in
        // Pick a random character from the set, wrapping around if needed.
        charset[Int(byte) % charset.count]
      }
    
      return String(nonce)
    }
    
            

    Objective-C

    // Adapted from https://auth0.com/docs/api-auth/tutorials/nonce#generate-a-cryptographically-random-nonce
    - (NSString *)randomNonce:(NSInteger)length {
      NSAssert(length > 0, @"Expected nonce to have positive length");
      NSString *characterSet = @"0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-._";
      NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString string];
      NSInteger remainingLength = length;
    
      while (remainingLength > 0) {
        NSMutableArray *randoms = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:16];
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
          uint8_t random = 0;
          int errorCode = SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, 1, &random);
          NSAssert(errorCode == errSecSuccess, @"Unable to generate nonce: OSStatus %i", errorCode);
    
          [randoms addObject:@(random)];
        }
    
        for (NSNumber *random in randoms) {
          if (remainingLength == 0) {
            break;
          }
    
          if (random.unsignedIntValue < characterSet.length) {
            unichar character = [characterSet characterAtIndex:random.unsignedIntValue];
            [result appendFormat:@"%C", character];
            remainingLength--;
          }
        }
      }
    
      return [result copy];
    }
            
    請使用您的登入要求傳送 Nonce 的 SHA-256 雜湊,Facebook 會在回應中傳遞無變更。Firebase 會雜湊處理原始 Nonce,並與 Facebook 傳送的值進行比較,藉此驗證回應。

    Swift

    @available(iOS 13, *)
    private func sha256(_ input: String) -> String {
      let inputData = Data(input.utf8)
      let hashedData = SHA256.hash(data: inputData)
      let hashString = hashedData.compactMap {
        String(format: "%02x", $0)
      }.joined()
    
      return hashString
    }
    
            

    Objective-C

    - (NSString *)stringBySha256HashingString:(NSString *)input {
      const char *string = [input UTF8String];
      unsigned char result[CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
      CC_SHA256(string, (CC_LONG)strlen(string), result);
    
      NSMutableString *hashed = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2];
      for (NSInteger i = 0; i < CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++) {
        [hashed appendFormat:@"%02x", result[i]];
      }
      return hashed;
    }
            
  3. 設定 FBSDKLoginButton 時,請設定委派來接收登入和登出事件,將追蹤模式設為 FBSDKLoginTrackingLimited,並附加 Nonce。例如:

    Swift

    func setupLoginButton() {
        let nonce = randomNonceString()
        currentNonce = nonce
        loginButton.delegate = self
        loginButton.loginTracking = .limited
        loginButton.nonce = sha256(nonce)
    }
            

    Objective-C

    - (void)setupLoginButton {
      NSString *nonce = [self randomNonce:32];
      self.currentNonce = nonce;
      self.loginButton.delegate = self;
      self.loginButton.loginTracking = FBSDKLoginTrackingLimited
      self.loginButton.nonce = [self stringBySha256HashingString:nonce];
    }
            
    在委派中實作 didCompleteWithResult:error:

    Swift

    func loginButton(_ loginButton: FBSDKLoginButton!, didCompleteWith result: FBSDKLoginManagerLoginResult!, error: Error!) {
      if let error = error {
        print(error.localizedDescription)
        return
      }
      // ...
    }
            

    Objective-C

    - (void)loginButton:(FBSDKLoginButton *)loginButton
        didCompleteWithResult:(FBSDKLoginManagerLoginResult *)result
                        error:(NSError *)error {
      if (error == nil) {
        // ...
      } else {
        NSLog(error.localizedDescription);
      }
    }
            
  4. FirebaseCore 模組匯入 UIApplicationDelegate,以及應用程式委派使用的任何其他 Firebase 模組。例如,如要使用 Cloud Firestore 和驗證:

    SwiftUI

    import SwiftUI
    import FirebaseCore
    import FirebaseFirestore
    import FirebaseAuth
    // ...
          

    Swift

    import FirebaseCore
    import FirebaseFirestore
    import FirebaseAuth
    // ...
          

    Objective-C

    @import FirebaseCore;
    @import FirebaseFirestore;
    @import FirebaseAuth;
    // ...
          
  5. 在應用程式委派的 application(_:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:) 方法中設定 FirebaseApp 共用例項:

    SwiftUI

    // Use Firebase library to configure APIs
    FirebaseApp.configure()

    Swift

    // Use Firebase library to configure APIs
    FirebaseApp.configure()

    Objective-C

    // Use Firebase library to configure APIs
    [FIRApp configure];
  6. 如果您使用 SwiftUI,則必須建立應用程式委派,並透過 UIApplicationDelegateAdaptorNSApplicationDelegateAdaptor 將其附加至 App 結構體。您也必須停用應用程式委派功能切換功能。詳情請參閱 SwiftUI 操作說明

    SwiftUI

    @main
    struct YourApp: App {
      // register app delegate for Firebase setup
      @UIApplicationDelegateAdaptor(AppDelegate.self) var delegate
    
      var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
          NavigationView {
            ContentView()
          }
        }
      }
    }
          
  7. 使用者成功登入後,在 didCompleteWithResult:error: 實作中,使用 Facebook 回應中的 ID 權杖搭配未經雜湊處理的 Nonce,取得 Firebase 憑證:

    Swift

    // Initialize a Firebase credential.
    let idTokenString = AuthenticationToken.current?.tokenString
    let nonce = currentNonce
    let credential = OAuthProvider.credential(withProviderID: "facebook.com",
                                              idToken: idTokenString!,
                                              rawNonce: nonce)
            

    Objective-C

    // Initialize a Firebase credential.
    NSString *idTokenString = FBSDKAuthenticationToken.currentAuthenticationToken.tokenString;
    NSString *rawNonce = self.currentNonce;
    FIROAuthCredential *credential = [FIROAuthProvider credentialWithProviderID:@"facebook.com"
                                                                        IDToken:idTokenString
                                                                       rawNonce:rawNonce];
            

透過 Firebase 驗證

最後,使用 Firebase 憑證向 Firebase 進行驗證:

Swift

Auth.auth().signIn(with: credential) { authResult, error in
    if let error = error {
      let authError = error as NSError
      if isMFAEnabled, authError.code == AuthErrorCode.secondFactorRequired.rawValue {
        // The user is a multi-factor user. Second factor challenge is required.
        let resolver = authError
          .userInfo[AuthErrorUserInfoMultiFactorResolverKey] as! MultiFactorResolver
        var displayNameString = ""
        for tmpFactorInfo in resolver.hints {
          displayNameString += tmpFactorInfo.displayName ?? ""
          displayNameString += " "
        }
        self.showTextInputPrompt(
          withMessage: "Select factor to sign in\n\(displayNameString)",
          completionBlock: { userPressedOK, displayName in
            var selectedHint: PhoneMultiFactorInfo?
            for tmpFactorInfo in resolver.hints {
              if displayName == tmpFactorInfo.displayName {
                selectedHint = tmpFactorInfo as? PhoneMultiFactorInfo
              }
            }
            PhoneAuthProvider.provider()
              .verifyPhoneNumber(with: selectedHint!, uiDelegate: nil,
                                 multiFactorSession: resolver
                                   .session) { verificationID, error in
                if error != nil {
                  print(
                    "Multi factor start sign in failed. Error: \(error.debugDescription)"
                  )
                } else {
                  self.showTextInputPrompt(
                    withMessage: "Verification code for \(selectedHint?.displayName ?? "")",
                    completionBlock: { userPressedOK, verificationCode in
                      let credential: PhoneAuthCredential? = PhoneAuthProvider.provider()
                        .credential(withVerificationID: verificationID!,
                                    verificationCode: verificationCode!)
                      let assertion: MultiFactorAssertion? = PhoneMultiFactorGenerator
                        .assertion(with: credential!)
                      resolver.resolveSignIn(with: assertion!) { authResult, error in
                        if error != nil {
                          print(
                            "Multi factor finanlize sign in failed. Error: \(error.debugDescription)"
                          )
                        } else {
                          self.navigationController?.popViewController(animated: true)
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  )
                }
              }
          }
        )
      } else {
        self.showMessagePrompt(error.localizedDescription)
        return
      }
      // ...
      return
    }
    // User is signed in
    // ...
}
    

Objective-C

[[FIRAuth auth] signInWithCredential:credential
                          completion:^(FIRAuthDataResult * _Nullable authResult,
                                       NSError * _Nullable error) {
    if (isMFAEnabled && error && error.code == FIRAuthErrorCodeSecondFactorRequired) {
      FIRMultiFactorResolver *resolver = error.userInfo[FIRAuthErrorUserInfoMultiFactorResolverKey];
      NSMutableString *displayNameString = [NSMutableString string];
      for (FIRMultiFactorInfo *tmpFactorInfo in resolver.hints) {
        [displayNameString appendString:tmpFactorInfo.displayName];
        [displayNameString appendString:@" "];
      }
      [self showTextInputPromptWithMessage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Select factor to sign in\n%@", displayNameString]
                           completionBlock:^(BOOL userPressedOK, NSString *_Nullable displayName) {
       FIRPhoneMultiFactorInfo* selectedHint;
       for (FIRMultiFactorInfo *tmpFactorInfo in resolver.hints) {
         if ([displayName isEqualToString:tmpFactorInfo.displayName]) {
           selectedHint = (FIRPhoneMultiFactorInfo *)tmpFactorInfo;
         }
       }
       [FIRPhoneAuthProvider.provider
        verifyPhoneNumberWithMultiFactorInfo:selectedHint
        UIDelegate:nil
        multiFactorSession:resolver.session
        completion:^(NSString * _Nullable verificationID, NSError * _Nullable error) {
          if (error) {
            [self showMessagePrompt:error.localizedDescription];
          } else {
            [self showTextInputPromptWithMessage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Verification code for %@", selectedHint.displayName]
                                 completionBlock:^(BOOL userPressedOK, NSString *_Nullable verificationCode) {
             FIRPhoneAuthCredential *credential =
                 [[FIRPhoneAuthProvider provider] credentialWithVerificationID:verificationID
                                                              verificationCode:verificationCode];
             FIRMultiFactorAssertion *assertion = [FIRPhoneMultiFactorGenerator assertionWithCredential:credential];
             [resolver resolveSignInWithAssertion:assertion completion:^(FIRAuthDataResult * _Nullable authResult, NSError * _Nullable error) {
               if (error) {
                 [self showMessagePrompt:error.localizedDescription];
               } else {
                 NSLog(@"Multi factor finanlize sign in succeeded.");
               }
             }];
           }];
          }
        }];
     }];
    }
  else if (error) {
    // ...
    return;
  }
  // User successfully signed in. Get user data from the FIRUser object
  if (authResult == nil) { return; }
  FIRUser *user = authResult.user;
  // ...
}];
    

後續步驟

使用者首次登入時,系統會建立新的使用者帳戶,並連結至憑證 (即使用者名稱與密碼、電話號碼或驗證提供者資訊),也就是使用者登入時使用的憑證。這個新帳戶會儲存在您的 Firebase 專案中,可用來識別專案中各個應用程式的使用者 (無論使用者登入方式為何)。

  • 在應用程式中,您可以透過 User 物件取得使用者的基本個人資料。請參閱管理使用者

  • 在 Firebase 即時資料庫和 Cloud Storage 安全性規則中,您可以透過 auth 變數取得登入使用者的專屬 ID,並使用該 ID 控管使用者可存取哪些資料。

您可以將驗證供應商憑證連結至現有的使用者帳戶,讓使用者透過多個驗證服務提供者登入您的應用程式。

如要登出使用者,請呼叫 signOut:

Swift

let firebaseAuth = Auth.auth()
do {
  try firebaseAuth.signOut()
} catch let signOutError as NSError {
  print("Error signing out: %@", signOutError)
}

Objective-C

NSError *signOutError;
BOOL status = [[FIRAuth auth] signOut:&signOutError];
if (!status) {
  NSLog(@"Error signing out: %@", signOutError);
  return;
}

您可能也想要針對各種驗證錯誤加入錯誤處理程式碼。請參閱處理錯誤