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使用 Web 上的 Cloud Storage 下载文件

Cloud Storage for Firebase 可让您快速轻松地从 Firebase 提供和管理的Cloud Storage 存储桶下载文件。

创建参考

您可以通过将子路径附加到 Cloud Storage 存储桶的根目录来创建引用，也可以从引用 Cloud Storage 中对象的现有gs://或https:// URL 创建引用。

Web version 9

import { getStorage, ref } from "firebase/storage";

// Create a reference with an initial file path and name
const storage = getStorage();
const pathReference = ref(storage, 'images/stars.jpg');

// Create a reference from a Google Cloud Storage URI
const gsReference = ref(storage, 'gs://bucket/images/stars.jpg');

// Create a reference from an HTTPS URL
// Note that in the URL, characters are URL escaped!
const httpsReference = ref(storage, 'https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/b/bucket/o/images%20stars.jpg');  storage_download_create_ref.js

Web version 8

// Create a reference with an initial file path and name
var storage = firebase.storage();
var pathReference = storage.ref('images/stars.jpg');

// Create a reference from a Google Cloud Storage URI
var gsReference = storage.refFromURL('gs://bucket/images/stars.jpg');

// Create a reference from an HTTPS URL
// Note that in the URL, characters are URL escaped!
var httpsReference = storage.refFromURL('https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/b/bucket/o/images%20stars.jpg');  download-files.js

通过 URL 下载数据

您可以通过对 Cloud Storage 引用调用getDownloadURL()方法来获取文件的下载 URL。

Web version 9

import { getStorage, ref, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";

const storage = getStorage();
getDownloadURL(ref(storage, 'images/stars.jpg'))
  .then((url) => {
    // `url` is the download URL for 'images/stars.jpg'

    // This can be downloaded directly:
    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.responseType = 'blob';
    xhr.onload = (event) => {
      const blob = xhr.response;
    };
    xhr.open('GET', url);
    xhr.send();

    // Or inserted into an <img> element
    const img = document.getElementById('myimg');
    img.setAttribute('src', url);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // Handle any errors
  });storage_download_via_url.js

Web version 8

storageRef.child('images/stars.jpg').getDownloadURL()
  .then((url) => {
    // `url` is the download URL for 'images/stars.jpg'

    // This can be downloaded directly:
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.responseType = 'blob';
    xhr.onload = (event) => {
      var blob = xhr.response;
    };
    xhr.open('GET', url);
    xhr.send();

    // Or inserted into an <img> element
    var img = document.getElementById('myimg');
    img.setAttribute('src', url);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // Handle any errors
  });download-files.js

直接从 SDK 下载数据

从 9.5 及更高版本开始，SDK 提供以下函数供直接下载：

使用这些函数，您可以绕过从 URL 下载，而是在您的代码中返回数据。这允许通过Firebase Security Rules进行更细粒度的访问控制。

CORS配置

要直接在浏览器中下载数据，您必须配置 Cloud Storage 存储桶以进行跨源访问 (CORS)。这可以使用gsutil命令行工具完成，您可以从此处安装该工具。

如果您不想要任何基于域的限制（最常见的情况），请将此 JSON 复制到名为cors.json的文件：

[
  {
    "origin": ["*"],
    "method": ["GET"],
    "maxAgeSeconds": 3600
  }
]

运行gsutil cors set cors.json gs://<your-cloud-storage-bucket>以部署这些限制。

有关详细信息，请参阅Google 云存储文档。

处理错误

下载时可能会出现错误的原因有很多，包括文件不存在，或者用户无权访问所需文件。有关错误的更多信息，请参阅文档的处理错误部分。

完整示例

下面显示了带有错误处理的下载的完整示例：

Web version 9

import { getStorage, ref, getDownloadURL } from "firebase/storage";

// Create a reference to the file we want to download
const storage = getStorage();
const starsRef = ref(storage, 'images/stars.jpg');

// Get the download URL
getDownloadURL(starsRef)
  .then((url) => {
    // Insert url into an <img> tag to "download"
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // A full list of error codes is available at
    // https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors
    switch (error.code) {
      case 'storage/object-not-found':
        // File doesn't exist
        break;
      case 'storage/unauthorized':
        // User doesn't have permission to access the object
        break;
      case 'storage/canceled':
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      // ...

      case 'storage/unknown':
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect the server response
        break;
    }
  });storage_download_full_example.js

Web version 8

// Create a reference to the file we want to download
var starsRef = storageRef.child('images/stars.jpg');

// Get the download URL
starsRef.getDownloadURL()
.then((url) => {
  // Insert url into an <img> tag to "download"
})
.catch((error) => {
  // A full list of error codes is available at
  // https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/web/handle-errors
  switch (error.code) {
    case 'storage/object-not-found':
      // File doesn't exist
      break;
    case 'storage/unauthorized':
      // User doesn't have permission to access the object
      break;
    case 'storage/canceled':
      // User canceled the upload
      break;

    // ...

    case 'storage/unknown':
      // Unknown error occurred, inspect the server response
      break;
  }
});download-files.js

您还可以获取或更新存储在 Cloud Storage 中的文件的元数据。