你可以使用 ML Kit 辨識圖片中的文字。ML Kit 會為 適合辨識圖片文字的一般用途 API,例如 路標文字,以及經過最佳化調整,可辨識 文件。一般用途 API 同時具備裝置和雲端模型。 文件文字辨識功能僅適用於雲端式模型。詳情請參閱 總覽,方便您比較 包括雲端和裝置端模型
事前準備
- 如果尚未將 Firebase 加入應用程式,請按照下列步驟操作: 入門指南中的步驟。
- 在 Podfile 中加入 ML Kit 程式庫:
敬上 安裝或更新專案的 Pod 後,請務必開啟 Xcode 專案pod 'Firebase/MLVision', '6.25.0' # If using an on-device API: pod 'Firebase/MLVisionTextModel', '6.25.0'
.xcworkspace
。 - 在應用程式中匯入 Firebase:
Swift
import Firebase
Objective-C
@import Firebase;
-
如要使用雲端模型,且尚未啟用 為專案設定雲端式 API,請立即採用以下做法:
- 開啟 ML Kit Firebase 控制台的 API 頁面。
-
如果您尚未將專案升級至 Blaze 定價方案,請按一下 如要這麼做,請升級。(只有在您的 專案並未採用 Blaze 方案)。
只有 Blaze 層級的專案可以使用以雲端為基礎的 API。
- 如果尚未啟用雲端式 API,請按一下「Enable Cloud-based API」(啟用雲端式 API) API
如果只想使用裝置端模型,可以略過這個步驟。
現在可以開始辨識圖片中的文字。
輸入圖片規範
-
為了讓 ML Kit 準確辨識文字,輸入圖片必須包含 以充足的像素資料表示的文字最適合拉丁字母 每個字元至少要有 16x16 像素中文 日文和韓文文字 (只有雲端式 API 支援)。 字元應為 24x24 像素所有語言通常沒有 對字元大於 24x24 像素的特性來說,準確性的優勢在於。
舉例來說,640x480 的圖片適合掃描名片 圖片會佔滿圖片的整個寬度如何掃描列印的文件 則建議使用 720x1280 像素的圖片。
-
圖片焦點不佳可能會降低文字辨識的準確度。如果您不 請嘗試重新擷取圖片。
-
如果您在即時應用程式中辨識文字,您可能也會 想要考慮輸入圖片的整體尺寸較小 圖片處理速度更快,因此為了縮短延遲時間,擷取 較低的解析度 (請留意上述準確率規定) 確保文字盡可能填滿圖片。另請參閱 即時效能改善秘訣。
辨識圖片中的文字
為了透過裝置或雲端模型辨識圖片中的文字, 按照下方說明執行文字辨識工具。
1. 執行文字辨識工具
將圖片做為「UIImage」或「CMSampleBufferRef」傳遞至 `VisionTextRecognizer` 的 `process(_:complete:)` 方法:- 如要取得
VisionTextRecognizer
的例項,請呼叫onDeviceTextRecognizer
或cloudTextRecognizer
:Swift
如何使用裝置端模型:
let vision = Vision.vision() let textRecognizer = vision.onDeviceTextRecognizer()
如要使用雲端模型:
let vision = Vision.vision() let textRecognizer = vision.cloudTextRecognizer() // Or, to provide language hints to assist with language detection: // See https://cloud.google.com/vision/docs/languages for supported languages let options = VisionCloudTextRecognizerOptions() options.languageHints = ["en", "hi"] let textRecognizer = vision.cloudTextRecognizer(options: options)
Objective-C
如何使用裝置端模型:
FIRVision *vision = [FIRVision vision]; FIRVisionTextRecognizer *textRecognizer = [vision onDeviceTextRecognizer];
如要使用雲端模型:
FIRVision *vision = [FIRVision vision]; FIRVisionTextRecognizer *textRecognizer = [vision cloudTextRecognizer]; // Or, to provide language hints to assist with language detection: // See https://cloud.google.com/vision/docs/languages for supported languages FIRVisionCloudTextRecognizerOptions *options = [[FIRVisionCloudTextRecognizerOptions alloc] init]; options.languageHints = @[@"en", @"hi"]; FIRVisionTextRecognizer *textRecognizer = [vision cloudTextRecognizerWithOptions:options];
-
使用
UIImage
或VisionImage
CMSampleBufferRef
。如何使用
UIImage
:- 視需要旋轉圖片,使其
imageOrientation
屬性為.up
。 - 使用正確旋轉的做法建立
VisionImage
物件UIImage
。請勿指定任何輪替中繼資料 (預設值) 值 (.topLeft
),則必須使用。Swift
let image = VisionImage(image: uiImage)
Objective-C
FIRVisionImage *image = [[FIRVisionImage alloc] initWithImage:uiImage];
如何使用
CMSampleBufferRef
:-
建立
VisionImageMetadata
物件,以指定 包含的圖片資料方向CMSampleBufferRef
緩衝區。如何取得圖片方向:
Swift
func imageOrientation( deviceOrientation: UIDeviceOrientation, cameraPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position ) -> VisionDetectorImageOrientation { switch deviceOrientation { case .portrait: return cameraPosition == .front ? .leftTop : .rightTop case .landscapeLeft: return cameraPosition == .front ? .bottomLeft : .topLeft case .portraitUpsideDown: return cameraPosition == .front ? .rightBottom : .leftBottom case .landscapeRight: return cameraPosition == .front ? .topRight : .bottomRight case .faceDown, .faceUp, .unknown: return .leftTop } }
Objective-C
- (FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientation) imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:(UIDeviceOrientation)deviceOrientation cameraPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)cameraPosition { switch (deviceOrientation) { case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationLeftTop; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationRightTop; } case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationBottomLeft; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopLeft; } case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationRightBottom; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationLeftBottom; } case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopRight; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationBottomRight; } default: return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopLeft; } }
然後,建立中繼資料物件:
Swift
let cameraPosition = AVCaptureDevice.Position.back // Set to the capture device you used. let metadata = VisionImageMetadata() metadata.orientation = imageOrientation( deviceOrientation: UIDevice.current.orientation, cameraPosition: cameraPosition )
Objective-C
FIRVisionImageMetadata *metadata = [[FIRVisionImageMetadata alloc] init]; AVCaptureDevicePosition cameraPosition = AVCaptureDevicePositionBack; // Set to the capture device you used. metadata.orientation = [self imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:UIDevice.currentDevice.orientation cameraPosition:cameraPosition];
- 請使用
VisionImage
CMSampleBufferRef
物件和輪替中繼資料:Swift
let image = VisionImage(buffer: sampleBuffer) image.metadata = metadata
Objective-C
FIRVisionImage *image = [[FIRVisionImage alloc] initWithBuffer:sampleBuffer]; image.metadata = metadata;
- 視需要旋轉圖片,使其
-
接著,將圖片傳遞至
process(_:completion:)
方法:Swift
textRecognizer.process(visionImage) { result, error in guard error == nil, let result = result else { // ... return } // Recognized text }
Objective-C
[textRecognizer processImage:image completion:^(FIRVisionText *_Nullable result, NSError *_Nullable error) { if (error != nil || result == nil) { // ... return; } // Recognized text }];
2. 從已辨識的文字區塊擷取文字
如果文字辨識作業成功,系統會傳回 [`VisionText`][VisionText] 物件。包含完整文字的 `VisionText` 物件 在圖像中辨識,而且零或多個 [`VisionTextBlock`][VisionTextBlock] 如需儲存大量結構化物件 建議使用 Cloud Bigtable 每個 `VisionTextBlock` 都代表矩形文字區塊,其中含有 零或多個 [`VisionTextLine`][VisionTextLine] 物件。每個「VisionTextLine」 物件包含零個或多個 [`VisionTextElement`][VisionTextElement] 物件, ,用來表示字詞和類似文字的實體 (日期、數字等)。 針對每個 `VisionTextBlock`、`VisionTextLine` 和 `VisionTextElement` 物件: 即可讓系統辨識該區域中的文字和 區域。 例如:Swift
let resultText = result.text for block in result.blocks { let blockText = block.text let blockConfidence = block.confidence let blockLanguages = block.recognizedLanguages let blockCornerPoints = block.cornerPoints let blockFrame = block.frame for line in block.lines { let lineText = line.text let lineConfidence = line.confidence let lineLanguages = line.recognizedLanguages let lineCornerPoints = line.cornerPoints let lineFrame = line.frame for element in line.elements { let elementText = element.text let elementConfidence = element.confidence let elementLanguages = element.recognizedLanguages let elementCornerPoints = element.cornerPoints let elementFrame = element.frame } } }
Objective-C
NSString *resultText = result.text; for (FIRVisionTextBlock *block in result.blocks) { NSString *blockText = block.text; NSNumber *blockConfidence = block.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *blockLanguages = block.recognizedLanguages; NSArray<NSValue *> *blockCornerPoints = block.cornerPoints; CGRect blockFrame = block.frame; for (FIRVisionTextLine *line in block.lines) { NSString *lineText = line.text; NSNumber *lineConfidence = line.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *lineLanguages = line.recognizedLanguages; NSArray<NSValue *> *lineCornerPoints = line.cornerPoints; CGRect lineFrame = line.frame; for (FIRVisionTextElement *element in line.elements) { NSString *elementText = element.text; NSNumber *elementConfidence = element.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *elementLanguages = element.recognizedLanguages; NSArray<NSValue *> *elementCornerPoints = element.cornerPoints; CGRect elementFrame = element.frame; } } }
即時效能改善訣竅
希望透過裝置上的模型即時辨識文字 請遵循下列準則,以達到最佳影格速率:
- 限制對文字辨識工具的呼叫。如果新的影片影格 可在文字辨識工具執行期間捨棄外框。
- 使用文字辨識器的輸出內容,將圖像重疊在 先從 ML Kit 取得結果,然後算繪圖片 並疊加單一步驟這麼一來,您的應用程式就會算繪到顯示途徑 每個輸入影格只能建立一次請參閱 previewOverlayView 和 FIRDetectionOverlayView 例如,在展示範例應用程式中使用類別。
- 建議以較低的解析度拍攝圖片。請特別注意 這個 API 的圖片尺寸規定
後續步驟
- 部署至使用 Cloud API 的正式版應用程式之前,您應先完成 防範及減少 未經授權 API 存取的影響
辨識文件圖片中的文字
如要辨識文件中的文字,請設定並執行雲端式 與文件文字辨識工具搭配使用
以下說明文件文字辨識 API 提供的介面 是為了方便處理文件圖片。不過 如果您偏好稀疏文字 API 提供的介面,則可以使用這個 API 只要將 Cloud 文字辨識工具設為 使用密集文字模型。
如何使用文件文字辨識 API:
1. 執行文字辨識工具
將圖片做為UIImage
或 CMSampleBufferRef
傳遞至
VisionDocumentTextRecognizer
的process(_:completion:)
方法:
- 呼叫即可取得
VisionDocumentTextRecognizer
的例項cloudDocumentTextRecognizer
:Swift
let vision = Vision.vision() let textRecognizer = vision.cloudDocumentTextRecognizer() // Or, to provide language hints to assist with language detection: // See https://cloud.google.com/vision/docs/languages for supported languages let options = VisionCloudDocumentTextRecognizerOptions() options.languageHints = ["en", "hi"] let textRecognizer = vision.cloudDocumentTextRecognizer(options: options)
Objective-C
FIRVision *vision = [FIRVision vision]; FIRVisionDocumentTextRecognizer *textRecognizer = [vision cloudDocumentTextRecognizer]; // Or, to provide language hints to assist with language detection: // See https://cloud.google.com/vision/docs/languages for supported languages FIRVisionCloudDocumentTextRecognizerOptions *options = [[FIRVisionCloudDocumentTextRecognizerOptions alloc] init]; options.languageHints = @[@"en", @"hi"]; FIRVisionDocumentTextRecognizer *textRecognizer = [vision cloudDocumentTextRecognizerWithOptions:options];
-
使用
UIImage
或VisionImage
CMSampleBufferRef
。如何使用
UIImage
:- 視需要旋轉圖片,使其
imageOrientation
屬性為.up
。 - 使用正確旋轉的做法建立
VisionImage
物件UIImage
。請勿指定任何輪替中繼資料 (預設值) 值 (.topLeft
),則必須使用。Swift
let image = VisionImage(image: uiImage)
Objective-C
FIRVisionImage *image = [[FIRVisionImage alloc] initWithImage:uiImage];
如何使用
CMSampleBufferRef
:-
建立
VisionImageMetadata
物件,以指定 包含的圖片資料方向CMSampleBufferRef
緩衝區。如何取得圖片方向:
Swift
func imageOrientation( deviceOrientation: UIDeviceOrientation, cameraPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position ) -> VisionDetectorImageOrientation { switch deviceOrientation { case .portrait: return cameraPosition == .front ? .leftTop : .rightTop case .landscapeLeft: return cameraPosition == .front ? .bottomLeft : .topLeft case .portraitUpsideDown: return cameraPosition == .front ? .rightBottom : .leftBottom case .landscapeRight: return cameraPosition == .front ? .topRight : .bottomRight case .faceDown, .faceUp, .unknown: return .leftTop } }
Objective-C
- (FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientation) imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:(UIDeviceOrientation)deviceOrientation cameraPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)cameraPosition { switch (deviceOrientation) { case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationLeftTop; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationRightTop; } case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationBottomLeft; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopLeft; } case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationRightBottom; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationLeftBottom; } case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight: if (cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopRight; } else { return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationBottomRight; } default: return FIRVisionDetectorImageOrientationTopLeft; } }
然後,建立中繼資料物件:
Swift
let cameraPosition = AVCaptureDevice.Position.back // Set to the capture device you used. let metadata = VisionImageMetadata() metadata.orientation = imageOrientation( deviceOrientation: UIDevice.current.orientation, cameraPosition: cameraPosition )
Objective-C
FIRVisionImageMetadata *metadata = [[FIRVisionImageMetadata alloc] init]; AVCaptureDevicePosition cameraPosition = AVCaptureDevicePositionBack; // Set to the capture device you used. metadata.orientation = [self imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:UIDevice.currentDevice.orientation cameraPosition:cameraPosition];
- 請使用
VisionImage
CMSampleBufferRef
物件和輪替中繼資料:Swift
let image = VisionImage(buffer: sampleBuffer) image.metadata = metadata
Objective-C
FIRVisionImage *image = [[FIRVisionImage alloc] initWithBuffer:sampleBuffer]; image.metadata = metadata;
- 視需要旋轉圖片,使其
-
接著,將圖片傳遞至
process(_:completion:)
方法:Swift
textRecognizer.process(visionImage) { result, error in guard error == nil, let result = result else { // ... return } // Recognized text }
Objective-C
[textRecognizer processImage:image completion:^(FIRVisionDocumentText *_Nullable result, NSError *_Nullable error) { if (error != nil || result == nil) { // ... return; } // Recognized text }];
2. 從已辨識的文字區塊擷取文字
如果文字辨識作業成功,系統會傳回VisionDocumentText
物件。VisionDocumentText
物件
包含圖片中可辨識的完整文字及物件階層
反映公認文件的結構:
每 VisionDocumentTextBlock
、VisionDocumentTextParagraph
,
VisionDocumentTextWord
和 VisionDocumentTextSymbol
物件,您可以取得
可在區域辨識的文字和區域的邊界座標。
例如:
Swift
let resultText = result.text for block in result.blocks { let blockText = block.text let blockConfidence = block.confidence let blockRecognizedLanguages = block.recognizedLanguages let blockBreak = block.recognizedBreak let blockCornerPoints = block.cornerPoints let blockFrame = block.frame for paragraph in block.paragraphs { let paragraphText = paragraph.text let paragraphConfidence = paragraph.confidence let paragraphRecognizedLanguages = paragraph.recognizedLanguages let paragraphBreak = paragraph.recognizedBreak let paragraphCornerPoints = paragraph.cornerPoints let paragraphFrame = paragraph.frame for word in paragraph.words { let wordText = word.text let wordConfidence = word.confidence let wordRecognizedLanguages = word.recognizedLanguages let wordBreak = word.recognizedBreak let wordCornerPoints = word.cornerPoints let wordFrame = word.frame for symbol in word.symbols { let symbolText = symbol.text let symbolConfidence = symbol.confidence let symbolRecognizedLanguages = symbol.recognizedLanguages let symbolBreak = symbol.recognizedBreak let symbolCornerPoints = symbol.cornerPoints let symbolFrame = symbol.frame } } } }
Objective-C
NSString *resultText = result.text; for (FIRVisionDocumentTextBlock *block in result.blocks) { NSString *blockText = block.text; NSNumber *blockConfidence = block.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *blockRecognizedLanguages = block.recognizedLanguages; FIRVisionTextRecognizedBreak *blockBreak = block.recognizedBreak; CGRect blockFrame = block.frame; for (FIRVisionDocumentTextParagraph *paragraph in block.paragraphs) { NSString *paragraphText = paragraph.text; NSNumber *paragraphConfidence = paragraph.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *paragraphRecognizedLanguages = paragraph.recognizedLanguages; FIRVisionTextRecognizedBreak *paragraphBreak = paragraph.recognizedBreak; CGRect paragraphFrame = paragraph.frame; for (FIRVisionDocumentTextWord *word in paragraph.words) { NSString *wordText = word.text; NSNumber *wordConfidence = word.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *wordRecognizedLanguages = word.recognizedLanguages; FIRVisionTextRecognizedBreak *wordBreak = word.recognizedBreak; CGRect wordFrame = word.frame; for (FIRVisionDocumentTextSymbol *symbol in word.symbols) { NSString *symbolText = symbol.text; NSNumber *symbolConfidence = symbol.confidence; NSArray<FIRVisionTextRecognizedLanguage *> *symbolRecognizedLanguages = symbol.recognizedLanguages; FIRVisionTextRecognizedBreak *symbolBreak = symbol.recognizedBreak; CGRect symbolFrame = symbol.frame; } } } }
後續步驟
- 部署至使用 Cloud API 的正式版應用程式之前,您應先完成 防範及減少 未經授權 API 存取的影響