Nachricht mit dem Firebase Admin SDK senden

Wenn Sie Firebase Admin SDK noch nicht eingerichtet haben, folgen Sie dieser Anleitung, um Firebase Admin SDK auf Ihrem Server einzurichten.

FCM HTTP v1 API aktivieren

Aktivieren Sie die Cloud Messaging API für Ihr Projekt auf der Seite mit den Cloud Messaging-Einstellungen.

Nachrichten an bestimmte Geräte senden

Wenn Sie die Nachricht an ein einzelnes, bestimmtes Gerät senden möchten, übergeben Sie das Registrierungstoken des Geräts wie unten gezeigt.

Node.js

// This registration token comes from the client FCM SDKs.
const registrationToken = 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN';

const message = {
  data: {
    score: '850',
    time: '2:45'
  },
  token: registrationToken
};

// Send a message to the device corresponding to the provided
// registration token.
getMessaging().send(message)
  .then((response) => {
    // Response is a message ID string.
    console.log('Successfully sent message:', response);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error sending message:', error);
  });

Java

// This registration token comes from the client FCM SDKs.
String registrationToken = "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN";

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
Message message = Message.builder()
    .putData("score", "850")
    .putData("time", "2:45")
    .setToken(registrationToken)
    .build();

// Send a message to the device corresponding to the provided
// registration token.
String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java

Python

# This registration token comes from the client FCM SDKs.
registration_token = 'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN'

# See documentation on defining a message payload.
message = messaging.Message(
    data={
        'score': '850',
        'time': '2:45',
    },
    token=registration_token,
)

# Send a message to the device corresponding to the provided
# registration token.
response = messaging.send(message)
# Response is a message ID string.
print('Successfully sent message:', response)
cloud_messaging.py

Go

// Obtain a messaging.Client from the App.
ctx := context.Background()
client, err := app.Messaging(ctx)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error getting Messaging client: %v\n", err)
}

// This registration token comes from the client FCM SDKs.
registrationToken := "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN"

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
message := &messaging.Message{
	Data: map[string]string{
		"score": "850",
		"time":  "2:45",
	},
	Token: registrationToken,
}

// Send a message to the device corresponding to the provided
// registration token.
response, err := client.Send(ctx, message)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}
// Response is a message ID string.
fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)
messaging.go

C#

// This registration token comes from the client FCM SDKs.
var registrationToken = "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN";

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
var message = new Message()
{
    Data = new Dictionary<string, string>()
    {
        { "score", "850" },
        { "time", "2:45" },
    },
    Token = registrationToken,
};

// Send a message to the device corresponding to the provided
// registration token.
string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response);

Bei Erfolg gibt jede Sendemethode eine Nachrichten-ID zurück. Der Firebase Admin SDK gibt den ID-String im Format projects/{project_id}/messages/{message_id} zurück.

Eine Nachricht an mehrere Geräte senden

Mit den Admin FCM SDKs können Sie eine Nachricht an eine Liste von Geräteregistrierungstokens senden. Sie können diese Funktion verwenden, wenn Sie dieselbe Nachricht an eine große Anzahl von Geräten senden müssen. Sie können bis zu 500 Geräteregistrierungstokens pro Aufruf angeben.

Der Rückgabewert enthält eine Liste von Tokens, die der Reihenfolge der Eingabetokens entspricht. Das ist nützlich, wenn Sie prüfen möchten, bei welchen Tokens Fehler aufgetreten sind, und diese dann entsprechend behandeln möchten.

Node.js

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
const registrationTokens = [
  'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
  // …
  'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_N',
];

const message = {
  data: {score: '850', time: '2:45'},
  tokens: registrationTokens,
};

getMessaging().sendEachForMulticast(message)
  .then((response) => {
    if (response.failureCount > 0) {
      const failedTokens = [];
      response.responses.forEach((resp, idx) => {
        if (!resp.success) {
          failedTokens.push(registrationTokens[idx]);
        }
      });
      console.log('List of tokens that caused failures: ' + failedTokens);
    }
  });

Java

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList(
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
    // ...
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n"
);

MulticastMessage message = MulticastMessage.builder()
    .putData("score", "850")
    .putData("time", "2:45")
    .addAllTokens(registrationTokens)
    .build();
BatchResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().sendEachForMulticast(message);
if (response.getFailureCount() > 0) {
  List<SendResponse> responses = response.getResponses();
  List<String> failedTokens = new ArrayList<>();
  for (int i = 0; i < responses.size(); i++) {
    if (!responses.get(i).isSuccessful()) {
      // The order of responses corresponds to the order of the registration tokens.
      failedTokens.add(registrationTokens.get(i));
    }
  }

  System.out.println("List of tokens that caused failures: " + failedTokens);
}
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java

Python

# These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registration_tokens = [
    'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
    # ...
    'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_N',
]

message = messaging.MulticastMessage(
    data={'score': '850', 'time': '2:45'},
    tokens=registration_tokens,
)
response = messaging.send_each_for_multicast(message)
if response.failure_count > 0:
    responses = response.responses
    failed_tokens = []
    for idx, resp in enumerate(responses):
        if not resp.success:
            # The order of responses corresponds to the order of the registration tokens.
            failed_tokens.append(registration_tokens[idx])
    print(f'List of tokens that caused failures: {failed_tokens}')
cloud_messaging.py

Go

// Create a list containing up to 500 registration tokens.
// This registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registrationTokens := []string{
	"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
	// ...
	"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
}
message := &messaging.MulticastMessage{
	Data: map[string]string{
		"score": "850",
		"time":  "2:45",
	},
	Tokens: registrationTokens,
}

br, err := client.SendEachForMulticast(context.Background(), message)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}

if br.FailureCount > 0 {
	var failedTokens []string
	for idx, resp := range br.Responses {
		if !resp.Success {
			// The order of responses corresponds to the order of the registration tokens.
			failedTokens = append(failedTokens, registrationTokens[idx])
		}
	}

	fmt.Printf("List of tokens that caused failures: %v\n", failedTokens)
}
messaging.go

C#

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
var registrationTokens = new List<string>()
{
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
    // ...
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
};
var message = new MulticastMessage()
{
    Tokens = registrationTokens,
    Data = new Dictionary<string, string>()
    {
        { "score", "850" },
        { "time", "2:45" },
    },
};

var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendEachForMulticastAsync(message);
if (response.FailureCount > 0)
{
    var failedTokens = new List<string>();
    for (var i = 0; i < response.Responses.Count; i++)
    {
        if (!response.Responses[i].IsSuccess)
        {
            // The order of responses corresponds to the order of the registration tokens.
            failedTokens.Add(registrationTokens[i]);
        }
    }

    Console.WriteLine($"List of tokens that caused failures: {failedTokens}");
}
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs

Liste von Nachrichten senden

Mit den Admin-SDKs können Sie eine Liste mit bis zu 500 Nachrichten senden. Mit dieser Funktion können Sie einen benutzerdefinierten Satz von Nachrichten erstellen und an verschiedene Empfänger senden, darunter Themen oder bestimmte Geräteregistrierungstokens. Sie können diese Funktion beispielsweise verwenden, wenn Sie leicht unterschiedliche Botschaften an verschiedene Zielgruppen senden müssen.

Node.js

// Create a list containing up to 500 messages.
const messages = [];
messages.push({
  notification: { title: 'Price drop', body: '5% off all electronics' },
  token: registrationToken,
});
messages.push({
  notification: { title: 'Price drop', body: '2% off all books' },
  topic: 'readers-club',
});

getMessaging().sendEach(messages)
  .then((response) => {
    console.log(response.successCount + ' messages were sent successfully');
  });

Java

// Create a list containing up to 500 messages.
List<Message> messages = Arrays.asList(
    Message.builder()
        .setNotification(Notification.builder()
            .setTitle("Price drop")
            .setBody("5% off all electronics")
            .build())
        .setToken(registrationToken)
        .build(),
    // ...
    Message.builder()
        .setNotification(Notification.builder()
            .setTitle("Price drop")
            .setBody("2% off all books")
            .build())
        .setTopic("readers-club")
        .build()
);

BatchResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().sendEach(messages);
// See the BatchResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " messages were sent successfully");
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java

Python

# Create a list containing up to 500 messages.
messages = [
    messaging.Message(
        notification=messaging.Notification('Price drop', '5% off all electronics'),
        token=registration_token,
    ),
    # ...
    messaging.Message(
        notification=messaging.Notification('Price drop', '2% off all books'),
        topic='readers-club',
    ),
]

response = messaging.send_each(messages)
# See the BatchResponse reference documentation
# for the contents of response.
print(f'{response.success_count} messages were sent successfully')
cloud_messaging.py

Go

// Create a list containing up to 500 messages.
messages := []*messaging.Message{
	{
		Notification: &messaging.Notification{
			Title: "Price drop",
			Body:  "5% off all electronics",
		},
		Token: registrationToken,
	},
	{
		Notification: &messaging.Notification{
			Title: "Price drop",
			Body:  "2% off all books",
		},
		Topic: "readers-club",
	},
}

br, err := client.SendEach(context.Background(), messages)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}

// See the BatchResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
fmt.Printf("%d messages were sent successfully\n", br.SuccessCount)
messaging.go

C#

// Create a list containing up to 500 messages.
var messages = new List<Message>()
{
    new Message()
    {
        Notification = new Notification()
        {
            Title = "Price drop",
            Body = "5% off all electronics",
        },
        Token = registrationToken,
    },
    new Message()
    {
        Notification = new Notification()
        {
            Title = "Price drop",
            Body = "2% off all books",
        },
        Topic = "readers-club",
    },
};

var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendEachAsync(messages);
// See the BatchResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} messages were sent successfully");
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs