本指南介绍了如何在移动和 Web 客户端应用中设置 Firebase Cloud Messaging，以便您能够可靠地接收消息。
当安装到设备上后，您的客户端应用便可通过 FCM APNs 接口接收消息。您可以立即开始使用 Notifications Composer 或在应用服务器上构建的消息向细分用户群发送通知。
处理提醒通知
FCM 会通过 APNs 传送定位到 Apple 应用的所有消息。如需详细了解如何通过 UNUserNotificationCenter 接收 APNs 通知，请参阅 Apple 有关处理通知和通知相关操作的文档。
您必须设置 UNUserNotificationCenter delegate 并实现适当的委托方法才能接收来自 FCM 的显示通知 (display notification)。
Swift
extension AppDelegate: UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
// Receive displayed notifications for iOS 10 devices.
func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
willPresent notification: UNNotification) async
-> UNNotificationPresentationOptions {
let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo
// With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
// Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
// ...
// Print full message.
print(userInfo)
// Change this to your preferred presentation option
return [[.alert, .sound]]
}
func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse) async {
let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo
// ...
// With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
// Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
// Print full message.
print(userInfo)
}
}
Objective-C
// Receive displayed notifications for iOS 10 devices.
// Handle incoming notification messages while app is in the foreground.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification
withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;
// With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
// [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
// ...
// Print full message.
NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);
// Change this to your preferred presentation option
completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge | UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}
// Handle notification messages after display notification is tapped by the user.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response
withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler {
NSDictionary *userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
if (userInfo[kGCMMessageIDKey]) {
NSLog(@"Message ID: %@", userInfo[kGCMMessageIDKey]);
}
// With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
// [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
// Print full message.
NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);
completionHandler();
}
如果您要为通知添加自定义操作，请在通知载荷中设置 click_action 参数。使用的值应与您会在 APNs 载荷的 category 键中使用的值相同。自定义操作必须先注册，然后才能使用。如需了解详情，请参阅 Apple 的本地和远程通知编程指南。
如需详细了解发送到您应用的消息，请参阅 FCM 报告信息中心。该信息中心会记录在 Apple 和 Android 设备上发送和打开的消息数量，以及 Android 应用的“展示次数”（用户看到的通知条数）数据。
处理静默推送通知
使用 content-available 键（与 APNs 的 content-available 等效）发送消息时，消息将作为静默通知传送，从而在后台唤醒您的应用以执行后台数据刷新等任务。与前台通知不同，这些通知必须通过 application(_:didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:) 方法处理。
如下所示，实现 application(_:didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:)：
Swift
func application(_ application: UIApplication,
didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable: Any]) async
-> UIBackgroundFetchResult {
// If you are receiving a notification message while your app is in the background,
// this callback will not be fired till the user taps on the notification launching the application.
// TODO: Handle data of notification
// With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
// Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
// Print message ID.
if let messageID = userInfo[gcmMessageIDKey] {
print("Message ID: \(messageID)")
}
// Print full message.
print(userInfo)
return UIBackgroundFetchResult.newData
}
Objective-C
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler {
// If you are receiving a notification message while your app is in the background,
// this callback will not be fired till the user taps on the notification launching the application.
// TODO: Handle data of notification
// With swizzling disabled you must let Messaging know about the message, for Analytics
// [[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
// ...
// Print full message.
NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);
completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData);
}
Apple 平台不保证后台通知传递成功。如需了解可能导致后台通知失败的情况，请参阅 Apple 有关将后台更新推送到应用的文档。
解读通知消息载荷
通知消息的载荷是由键和值组成的字典。通过 APNs 发送的通知消息遵循如下 APNs 载荷格式：
{
"aps" : {
"alert" : {
"body" : "great match!",
"title" : "Portugal vs. Denmark",
},
"badge" : 1,
},
"customKey" : "customValue"
}
在方法调配已停用的情况下处理消息
默认情况下，如果您将应用的委托类分配给 UNUserNotificationCenter 和 Messaging 委托属性，FCM 将对您的应用委托类进行一些调配，自动将 FCM 令牌与该设备的 APNs 令牌相关联，并将收到通知事件传递给 Analytics。如果您明确停用了方法调配、在构建 SwiftUI 应用或为任一委托使用单独的类，则需要手动执行这两个任务。
如需将 FCM 令牌与设备 APNs 令牌相关联，请通过 apnsToken 属性将 APNs 令牌传递给应用委托的令牌刷新处理程序中的 Messaging 类。
Swift
func application(_ application: UIApplication,
didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken deviceToken: Data) {
Messaging.messaging().apnsToken = deviceToken;
}
Objective-C
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
[FIRMessaging messaging].APNSToken = deviceToken;
}
如需向 Analytics 传递通知回执信息，请使用 appDidReceiveMessage(_:) 方法。
Swift
func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
willPresent notification: UNNotification,
withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo
Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
// Change this to your preferred presentation option
completionHandler([[.alert, .sound]])
}
func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse,
withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo
Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
completionHandler()
}
func application(_ application: UIApplication,
didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable : Any],
fetchCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UIBackgroundFetchResult) -> Void) {
Messaging.messaging().appDidReceiveMessage(userInfo)
completionHandler(.noData)
}
Objective-C
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification
withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;
[[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
// Change this to your preferred presentation option
completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge | UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert);
}
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center
didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response
withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler {
NSDictionary *userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
[[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
completionHandler();
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult result))completionHandler {
[[FIRMessaging messaging] appDidReceiveMessage:userInfo];
completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNoData);
}