用户引荐是赢得新用户的最有效方法之一。您可以结合 Realtime Database 和 Cloud Functions for Firebase 来使用动态链接，向引荐者和受邀者提供成功引荐的应用内奖励，从而鼓励用户邀请好友使用您的应用。
主要优势
- 通过提供奖励，鼓励您的用户邀请朋友使用您的应用，从而加速新用户增长。
- 邀请链接可跨平台保持有效性。
- 第一次打开您的应用的新用户可享受您为其特别定制的首次运行体验。例如，您可以自动将其与邀请他们的朋友建立联系。
- 可根据情况延迟给予奖励的时间，即直到新用户完成一些入门性任务（如学习完教程）之后才给予奖励。
下面介绍如何开始添加这项功能！
设置 Firebase 和 Dynamic Links SDK
建立一个新的 Firebase 项目，并将 Dynamic Links SDK 安装到您的应用中（iOS、Android、C++、Unity）。安装 Dynamic Links SDK 后，Firebase 就能向应用传递有关动态链接的数据（包括在用户安装应用后）。如果没有此 SDK，则应用无法将安装后的用户与安装前的点击关联在一起。
创建邀请链接
创建邀请时，请先创建可供受邀者打开以接受邀请的链接。然后，您可将此链接加入到邀请内容中。当受邀者通过打开该链接安装您的应用时，他们可以享受专门定制的首次运行体验，包括收到应用内奖励。
此邀请链接是具有 link 参数值的动态链接，该参数值用于指示链接来自您现有的用户。
您可以使用很多方法为这些 link 参数的载荷设置格式并将其与您的应用相关联。一种简单的方法是在查询参数中标明邀请者的用户帐号 ID，如下例所示：
https://mygame.example.com/?invitedby=SENDER_UID
然后，如需创建适合加入到邀请中的动态链接，您可以使用 Dynamic Link Builder API：
Swift
注意：此 Firebase 产品不适用于 macOS、Mac Catalyst、tvOS 或 watchOS 目标。
guard let uid = Auth.auth().currentUser?.uid else { return }
let link = URL(string: "https://mygame.example.com/?invitedby=\(uid)")
let referralLink = DynamicLinkComponents(link: link!, domain: "example.page.link")
referralLink.iOSParameters = DynamicLinkIOSParameters(bundleID: "com.example.ios")
referralLink.iOSParameters?.minimumAppVersion = "1.0.1"
referralLink.iOSParameters?.appStoreID = "123456789"
referralLink.androidParameters = DynamicLinkAndroidParameters(packageName: "com.example.android")
referralLink.androidParameters?.minimumVersion = 125
referralLink.shorten { (shortURL, warnings, error) in
if let error = error {
print(error.localizedDescription)
return
}
self.invitationUrl = shortURL
}
Kotlin+KTX
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser!!
val uid = user.uid
val invitationLink = "https://mygame.example.com/?invitedby=$uid"
Firebase.dynamicLinks.shortLinkAsync {
link = Uri.parse(invitationLink)
domainUriPrefix = "https://example.page.link"
androidParameters("com.example.android") {
minimumVersion = 125
}
iosParameters("com.example.ios") {
appStoreId = "123456789"
minimumVersion = "1.0.1"
}
}.addOnSuccessListener { shortDynamicLink ->
mInvitationUrl = shortDynamicLink.shortLink
// ...
}Java
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
String uid = user.getUid();
String link = "https://mygame.example.com/?invitedby=" + uid;
FirebaseDynamicLinks.getInstance().createDynamicLink()
.setLink(Uri.parse(link))
.setDomainUriPrefix("https://example.page.link")
.setAndroidParameters(
new DynamicLink.AndroidParameters.Builder("com.example.android")
.setMinimumVersion(125)
.build())
.setIosParameters(
new DynamicLink.IosParameters.Builder("com.example.ios")
.setAppStoreId("123456789")
.setMinimumVersion("1.0.1")
.build())
.buildShortDynamicLink()
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<ShortDynamicLink>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(ShortDynamicLink shortDynamicLink) {
mInvitationUrl = shortDynamicLink.getShortLink();
// ...
}
});发送邀请
现在您已创建了链接，可以将其加入邀请中。邀请可以采用电子邮件、短信或任何其他媒介形式，具体取决于哪一种最适合您的应用和受众群体。
以下是发送电子邮件邀请的示例：
Swift
注意：此 Firebase 产品不适用于 macOS、Mac Catalyst、tvOS 或 watchOS 目标。
guard let referrerName = Auth.auth().currentUser?.displayName else { return }
let subject = "\(referrerName) wants you to play MyExampleGame!"
let invitationLink = invitationUrl?.absoluteString
let msg = "<p>Let's play MyExampleGame together! Use my <a href=\"\(invitationLink)\">referrer link</a>!</p>"
if !MFMailComposeViewController.canSendMail() {
// Device can't send email
return
}
let mailer = MFMailComposeViewController()
mailer.mailComposeDelegate = self
mailer.setSubject(subject)
mailer.setMessageBody(msg, isHTML: true)
myView.present(mailer, animated: true, completion: nil)
Kotlin+KTX
val referrerName = Firebase.auth.currentUser?.displayName
val subject = String.format("%s wants you to play MyExampleGame!", referrerName)
val invitationLink = mInvitationUrl.toString()
val msg = "Let's play MyExampleGame together! Use my referrer link: $invitationLink"
val msgHtml = String.format("<p>Let's play MyExampleGame together! Use my " +
"<a href=\"%s\">referrer link</a>!</p>", invitationLink)
val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO).apply {
data = Uri.parse("mailto:") // only email apps should handle this
putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject)
putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, msg)
putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_HTML_TEXT, msgHtml)
}
intent.resolveActivity(packageManager)?.let {
startActivity(intent)
}Java
String referrerName = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser().getDisplayName();
String subject = String.format("%s wants you to play MyExampleGame!", referrerName);
String invitationLink = mInvitationUrl.toString();
String msg = "Let's play MyExampleGame together! Use my referrer link: "
+ invitationLink;
String msgHtml = String.format("<p>Let's play MyExampleGame together! Use my "
+ "<a href=\"%s\">referrer link</a>!</p>", invitationLink);
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:")); // only email apps should handle this
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, msg);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_HTML_TEXT, msgHtml);
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
startActivity(intent);
}在您的应用中检索引荐信息
当受邀者打开引荐链接时，如果他们尚未安装您的应用，那么会被定向到 App Store 或 Play 商店进行安装。 然后，当他们第一次打开您的应用时，您可以检索您在动态链接中包含的引荐信息，并根据此信息来给予奖励。
通常情况下，您应仅在受邀者注册后，或者在其作为新用户完成某项任务之后才给予奖励。在满足奖励条件之前，您需要持续跟踪从动态链接获取的奖励信息。
为了跟踪此信息，方式之一是让受邀者以匿名方式登录，并将相关数据存储在匿名帐号的 Realtime Database 记录中。当受邀者注册且匿名帐号被转换为永久帐号时，新帐号将与原匿名帐号具有相同的 UID，因而可以访问奖励信息。
以下示例演示了如何在受邀者打开您的应用后保存引荐者的 UID：
Swift
注意：此 Firebase 产品不适用于 macOS、Mac Catalyst、tvOS 或 watchOS 目标。
struct MyApplication: App {
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
VStack {
Text("Example text")
}
.onOpenURL { url in
if DynamicLinks.dynamicLinks()?.shouldHandleDynamicLink(fromCustomSchemeURL: url) ?? false {
let dynamicLink = DynamicLinks.dynamicLinks()?.dynamicLink(fromCustomSchemeURL: url)
handleDynamicLink(dynamicLink)
}
// Handle incoming URL with other methods as necessary
// ...
}
}
}
}
func handleDynamicLink(_ dynamicLink: DynamicLink?) {
guard let dynamicLink = dynamicLink else { return false }
guard let deepLink = dynamicLink.url else { return false }
let queryItems = URLComponents(url: deepLink, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)?.queryItems
let invitedBy = queryItems?.filter({(item) in item.name == "invitedby"}).first?.value
let user = Auth.auth().currentUser
// If the user isn't signed in and the app was opened via an invitation
// link, sign in the user anonymously and record the referrer UID in the
// user's RTDB record.
if user == nil && invitedBy != nil {
Auth.auth().signInAnonymously() { (user, error) in
if let user = user {
let userRecord = Database.database().reference().child("users").child(user.uid)
userRecord.child("referred_by").setValue(invitedBy)
if dynamicLink.matchConfidence == .weak {
// If the Dynamic Link has a weak match confidence, it is possible
// that the current device isn't the same device on which the invitation
// link was originally opened. The way you handle this situation
// depends on your app, but in general, you should avoid exposing
// personal information, such as the referrer's email address, to
// the user.
}
}
}
}
}
Kotlin+KTX
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
// ...
Firebase.dynamicLinks
.getDynamicLink(intent)
.addOnSuccessListener(this) { pendingDynamicLinkData ->
// Get deep link from result (may be null if no link is found)
var deepLink: Uri? = null
if (pendingDynamicLinkData != null) {
deepLink = pendingDynamicLinkData.link
}
//
// If the user isn't signed in and the pending Dynamic Link is
// an invitation, sign in the user anonymously, and record the
// referrer's UID.
//
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser
if (user == null &&
deepLink != null &&
deepLink.getBooleanQueryParameter("invitedby", false)) {
val referrerUid = deepLink.getQueryParameter("invitedby")
createAnonymousAccountWithReferrerInfo(referrerUid)
}
}
}
private fun createAnonymousAccountWithReferrerInfo(referrerUid: String?) {
Firebase.auth
.signInAnonymously()
.addOnSuccessListener {
// Keep track of the referrer in the RTDB. Database calls
// will depend on the structure of your app's RTDB.
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser
val userRecord = Firebase.database.reference
.child("users")
.child(user!!.uid)
userRecord.child("referred_by").setValue(referrerUid)
}
}Java
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// ...
FirebaseDynamicLinks.getInstance()
.getDynamicLink(getIntent())
.addOnSuccessListener(this, new OnSuccessListener<PendingDynamicLinkData>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(PendingDynamicLinkData pendingDynamicLinkData) {
// Get deep link from result (may be null if no link is found)
Uri deepLink = null;
if (pendingDynamicLinkData != null) {
deepLink = pendingDynamicLinkData.getLink();
}
//
// If the user isn't signed in and the pending Dynamic Link is
// an invitation, sign in the user anonymously, and record the
// referrer's UID.
//
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
if (user == null
&& deepLink != null
&& deepLink.getBooleanQueryParameter("invitedby", false)) {
String referrerUid = deepLink.getQueryParameter("invitedby");
createAnonymousAccountWithReferrerInfo(referrerUid);
}
}
});
}
private void createAnonymousAccountWithReferrerInfo(final String referrerUid) {
FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
.signInAnonymously()
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<AuthResult>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(AuthResult authResult) {
// Keep track of the referrer in the RTDB. Database calls
// will depend on the structure of your app's RTDB.
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
DatabaseReference userRecord =
FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference()
.child("users")
.child(user.getUid());
userRecord.child("referred_by").setValue(referrerUid);
}
});
}然后，当受邀者决定创建帐号时，您可以将匿名帐号中的引荐信息转至受邀者的新帐号。
首先，使用受邀者要使用的登录方法获取 AuthCredential 对象。以下是使用电子邮件地址和密码登录的示例：
Swift
注意：此 Firebase 产品不适用于 macOS、Mac Catalyst、tvOS 或 watchOS 目标。
let credential = EmailAuthProvider.credential(withEmail: email, password: password)
Kotlin+KTX
val credential = EmailAuthProvider.getCredential(email, password)
Java
AuthCredential credential = EmailAuthProvider.getCredential(email, password);
然后，将此凭据与匿名帐号相关联：
Swift
注意：此 Firebase 产品不适用于 macOS、Mac Catalyst、tvOS 或 watchOS 目标。
if let user = Auth.auth().currentUser {
user.link(with: credential) { (user, error) in
// Complete any post sign-up tasks here.
}
}
Kotlin+KTX
Firebase.auth.currentUser!!
.linkWithCredential(credential)
.addOnSuccessListener {
// Complete any post sign-up tasks here.
}Java
FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser()
.linkWithCredential(credential)
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<AuthResult>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(AuthResult authResult) {
// Complete any post sign-up tasks here.
}
});新的永久帐号即可访问您添加到该匿名帐号的所有奖励数据。
给予引荐者和受邀者奖励
由于您已经从动态链接检索并保存了邀请数据，在您要求的条件达到之后，您就可以兑现给引荐者和受邀者的引荐奖励。
虽然可以从客户端应用向 Realtime Database 写入数据，但通常情况下，您应仅允许从应用中对相关数据（例如应用内货币）进行只读访问，而仅从后端执行写入操作。这个后端可以是能够运行 Firebase Admin SDK 的任何系统，但使用 Cloud Functions 执行这些任务通常最为简单方便。
例如，假设您有一款游戏，并且您希望在受邀者注册之后为其提供游戏币奖励，并在受邀者玩到第 5 关之后向引荐者提供奖励。
如需针对注册提供奖励，请部署一个函数来检测是否创建了某个特定的 Realtime Database 键，并在创建时给予奖励。例如：
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
admin.initializeApp(functions.config().firebase);
exports.grantSignupReward = functions.database.ref('/users/{uid}/last_signin_at')
.onCreate(event => {
var uid = event.params.uid;
admin.database().ref(`users/${uid}/referred_by`)
.once('value').then(function(data) {
var referred_by_somebody = data.val();
if (referred_by_somebody) {
var moneyRef = admin.database()
.ref(`/users/${uid}/inventory/pieces_of_eight`);
moneyRef.transaction(function (current_value) {
return (current_value || 0) + 50;
});
}
});
});
然后，当新用户注册时，通过创建该 Realtime Database 键来触发此函数。例如，在 linkWithCredential 的成功监听器中触发您在上一步中创建的函数：
Swift
注意：此 Firebase 产品不适用于 macOS、Mac Catalyst、tvOS 或 watchOS 目标。
if let user = Auth.auth().currentUser {
user.link(with: credential) { (user, error) in
// Complete any post sign-up tasks here.
// Trigger the sign-up reward function by creating the "last_signin_at" field.
// (If this is a value you want to track, you would also update this field in
// the success listeners of your Firebase Authentication signIn calls.)
if let user = user {
let userRecord = Database.database().reference().child("users").child(user.uid)
userRecord.child("last_signin_at").setValue(ServerValue.timestamp())
}
}
}
Kotlin+KTX
Firebase.auth.currentUser!!
.linkWithCredential(credential)
.addOnSuccessListener {
// Complete any post sign-up tasks here.
// Trigger the sign-up reward function by creating the
// "last_signin_at" field. (If this is a value you want to track,
// you would also update this field in the success listeners of
// your Firebase Authentication signIn calls.)
val user = Firebase.auth.currentUser!!
val userRecord = Firebase.database.reference
.child("users")
.child(user.uid)
userRecord.child("last_signin_at").setValue(ServerValue.TIMESTAMP)
}Java
FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser()
.linkWithCredential(credential)
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<AuthResult>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(AuthResult authResult) {
// Complete any post sign-up tasks here.
// Trigger the sign-up reward function by creating the
// "last_signin_at" field. (If this is a value you want to track,
// you would also update this field in the success listeners of
// your Firebase Authentication signIn calls.)
FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
DatabaseReference userRecord =
FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference()
.child("users")
.child(user.getUid());
userRecord.child("last_signin_at").setValue(ServerValue.TIMESTAMP);
}
});如需在受邀者玩到第 5 关时为引荐者提供奖励，可部署一个函数来检测用户记录中的 level 字段的变化情况。如果用户从第 4 关玩到第 5 关，并且该用户有引荐者记录，则给予奖励：
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
admin.initializeApp(functions.config().firebase);
exports.rewardReferrals = functions.database.ref('/users/{uid}/level')
.onUpdate(event => {
var level = event.data.val();
var prev_level = event.data.previous.val();
if (prev_level == 4 && level == 5) {
var referrerRef = event.data.ref.parent.child('referred_by');
return referrerRef.once('value').then(function(data) {
var referrerUid = data.val();
if (referrerUid) {
var moneyRef = admin.database()
.ref(`/users/${referrerUid}/inventory/pieces_of_eight`);
return moneyRef.transaction(function (current_value) {
return (current_value || 0) + 50;
});
}
});
}
});
至此，引荐者和新用户都获得了奖励。