將訊息傳送至多部裝置

如要將訊息指定給多部裝置，請使用主題訊息傳送功能。這項功能可讓你向已選擇加入特定主題的多部裝置傳送訊息。

本教學課程著重於使用 Admin SDK 或 FCM 的 REST API 從應用程式伺服器傳送主題訊息，並在網路應用程式中接收及處理這些訊息。我們將說明背景和前景應用程式的訊息處理作業。

設定 SDK

如果您已為 FCM 設定 JavaScript 用戶端應用程式，或已完成接收訊息的步驟，本節可能會涵蓋您已完成的步驟。

新增及初始化 FCM SDK

1. 如果您尚未安裝，請 安裝 Firebase JS SDK 並初始化 Firebase。

2. 新增 Firebase Cloud Messaging JS SDK 並初始化 Firebase Cloud Messaging：

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀圖可分割的模組化 Web API，以及從命名空間 API 升級。

import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app";
import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging";

// TODO: Replace the following with your app's Firebase project configuration
// See: https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/learn-more#config-object
const firebaseConfig = {
  // ...
};

// Initialize Firebase
const app = initializeApp(firebaseConfig);


// Initialize Firebase Cloud Messaging and get a reference to the service
const messaging = getMessaging(app);

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀圖可分割的模組化 Web API，以及從命名空間 API 升級。

import firebase from "firebase/compat/app";
import "firebase/compat/messaging";

// TODO: Replace the following with your app's Firebase project configuration
// See: https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/learn-more#config-object
const firebaseConfig = {
  // ...
};

// Initialize Firebase
firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig);


// Initialize Firebase Cloud Messaging and get a reference to the service
const messaging = firebase.messaging();

存取註冊權杖

如要擷取應用程式例項目前的註冊權杖，請先使用 Notification.requestPermission() 向使用者要求通知權限。按照上述方式呼叫時，如果授予權限，則會傳回權杖，如果遭到拒絕，則會拒絕承諾：

function requestPermission() {
  console.log('Requesting permission...');
  Notification.requestPermission().then((permission) => {
    if (permission === 'granted') {
      console.log('Notification permission granted.');

FCM 需要 firebase-messaging-sw.js 檔案。除非您已擁有 firebase-messaging-sw.js 檔案，否則請建立同名的空白檔案，並將該檔案放在網域的根目錄中，再擷取符記。您稍後可在用戶端設定程序中為檔案新增實用內容。

如何擷取目前的符記：

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀結構可分離模組化 Web API，並升級使用命名空間 API。

import { getMessaging, getToken } from "firebase/messaging";

// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved
// subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache.
const messaging = getMessaging();
getToken(messaging, { vapidKey: '<YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE>' }).then((currentToken) => {
  if (currentToken) {
    // Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary
    // ...
  } else {
    // Show permission request UI
    console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');
    // ...
  }
}).catch((err) => {
  console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err);
  // ...
});
messaging_get_token.js

Web

// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved
// subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache.
messaging.getToken({ vapidKey: '<YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE>' }).then((currentToken) => {
  if (currentToken) {
    // Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary
    // ...
  } else {
    // Show permission request UI
    console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');
    // ...
  }
}).catch((err) => {
  console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err);
  // ...
});
index.js

取得權杖後，請將權杖傳送至應用程式伺服器，並使用您偏好的方法儲存權杖。

讓用戶端應用程式訂閱主題

您可以將註冊權杖清單傳遞至 Firebase Admin SDK 訂閱方法，讓對應裝置訂閱主題：

Node.js

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
const registrationTokens = [
  'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
  // ...
  'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n'
];

// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic.
getMessaging().subscribeToTopic(registrationTokens, topic)
  .then((response) => {
    // See the MessagingTopicManagementResponse reference documentation
    // for the contents of response.
    console.log('Successfully subscribed to topic:', response);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error subscribing to topic:', error);
  });

Java

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList(
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
    // ...
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n"
);

// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic.
TopicManagementResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic(
    registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " tokens were subscribed successfully");

Python

# These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registration_tokens = [
    'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
    # ...
    'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n',
]

# Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
# topic.
response = messaging.subscribe_to_topic(registration_tokens, topic)
# See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
# for the contents of response.
print(response.success_count, 'tokens were subscribed successfully')

Go

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registrationTokens := []string{
	"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
	// ...
	"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
}

// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic.
response, err := client.SubscribeToTopic(ctx, registrationTokens, topic)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
fmt.Println(response.SuccessCount, "tokens were subscribed successfully")

C#

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
var registrationTokens = new List<string>()
{
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
    // ...
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
};

// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic
var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SubscribeToTopicAsync(
    registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} tokens were subscribed successfully");
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs

重要事項： 如要使用 Admin FCM API，您必須先按照將 Firebase Admin SDK 新增至伺服器中的步驟初始化 SDK。

管理員 FCM API 還可讓您將裝置從主題取消訂閱，方法是將註冊權杖傳遞至適當的方法：

Node.js

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
const registrationTokens = [
  'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
  // ...
  'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n'
];

// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from
// the topic.
getMessaging().unsubscribeFromTopic(registrationTokens, topic)
  .then((response) => {
    // See the MessagingTopicManagementResponse reference documentation
    // for the contents of response.
    console.log('Successfully unsubscribed from topic:', response);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error unsubscribing from topic:', error);
  });

Java

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList(
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
    // ...
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n"
);

// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from
// the topic.
TopicManagementResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().unsubscribeFromTopic(
    registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " tokens were unsubscribed successfully");

Python

# These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registration_tokens = [
    'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
    # ...
    'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n',
]

# Unubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from the
# topic.
response = messaging.unsubscribe_from_topic(registration_tokens, topic)
# See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
# for the contents of response.
print(response.success_count, 'tokens were unsubscribed successfully')

Go

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registrationTokens := []string{
	"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
	// ...
	"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
}

// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from
// the topic.
response, err := client.UnsubscribeFromTopic(ctx, registrationTokens, topic)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
fmt.Println(response.SuccessCount, "tokens were unsubscribed successfully")

C#

// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
var registrationTokens = new List<string>()
{
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
    // ...
    "YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
};

// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from the
// topic
var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.UnsubscribeFromTopicAsync(
    registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} tokens were unsubscribed successfully");
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.cs

注意： 您最多可以在單一要求中訂閱或取消訂閱 1,000 部裝置。如果您提供的陣列包含超過 1,000 個註冊符記，要求就會失敗並傳回 messaging/invalid-argument 錯誤。

subscribeToTopic() 和 unsubscribeFromTopic() 方法會產生物件，其中包含 FCM 的回應。無論要求中指定的註冊符記號數量為何，傳回類型都會採用相同的格式。

如果發生錯誤 (驗證失敗、權杖或主題無效等)，這些方法會導致錯誤。如需錯誤代碼的完整清單 (包括說明和解決步驟)，請參閱「Admin FCM API 錯誤」。

接收及處理主題訊息

訊息的行為會因網頁處於前景 (有焦點)、背景、隱藏在其他分頁後方或完全關閉而有所不同。無論如何，網頁都必須處理 onMessage 回呼，但在背景情況下，您可能還需要處理 onBackgroundMessage 或設定顯示通知，讓使用者將您的網路應用程式帶到前景。

應用程式狀態	通知	資料	兩者並用
前景	onMessage	onMessage	onMessage
背景 (Service Worker)	onBackgroundMessage (自動顯示通知)	onBackgroundMessage	onBackgroundMessage (自動顯示通知)

在網頁應用程式於前景運作時處理訊息

如要接收 onMessage 事件，應用程式必須在 firebase-messaging-sw.js 中定義 Firebase 訊息服務 worker。或者，您也可以透過 getToken(): Promise<string>，將現有的服務工作者提供給 SDK。

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀結構可分離模組化 Web API，並升級使用命名空間 API。

import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app";
import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging/sw";

// Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in
// your app's Firebase config object.
// https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object
const firebaseApp = initializeApp({
  apiKey: 'api-key',
  authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com',
  databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com',
  projectId: 'project-id',
  storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com',
  messagingSenderId: 'sender-id',
  appId: 'app-id',
  measurementId: 'G-measurement-id',
});

// Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background
// messages.
const messaging = getMessaging(firebaseApp);
messaging_init_in_sw.js

Web

// Give the service worker access to Firebase Messaging.
// Note that you can only use Firebase Messaging here. Other Firebase libraries
// are not available in the service worker.
// Replace 10.13.2 with latest version of the Firebase JS SDK.
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/10.13.2/firebase-app-compat.js');
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/10.13.2/firebase-messaging-compat.js');

// Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in
// your app's Firebase config object.
// https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object
firebase.initializeApp({
  apiKey: 'api-key',
  authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com',
  databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com',
  projectId: 'project-id',
  storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com',
  messagingSenderId: 'sender-id',
  appId: 'app-id',
  measurementId: 'G-measurement-id',
});

// Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background
// messages.
const messaging = firebase.messaging();
service-worker.js

當應用程式處於前景 (使用者目前正在查看網頁) 時，您可以直接在網頁中接收資料和通知酬載。

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀結構可分離模組化 Web API，並升級使用命名空間 API。

// Handle incoming messages. Called when:
// - a message is received while the app has focus
// - the user clicks on an app notification created by a service worker
//   `messaging.onBackgroundMessage` handler.
import { getMessaging, onMessage } from "firebase/messaging";

const messaging = getMessaging();
onMessage(messaging, (payload) => {
  console.log('Message received. ', payload);
  // ...
});
messaging_receive_message.js

Web

// Handle incoming messages. Called when:
// - a message is received while the app has focus
// - the user clicks on an app notification created by a service worker
//   `messaging.onBackgroundMessage` handler.
messaging.onMessage((payload) => {
  console.log('Message received. ', payload);
  // ...
});
index.js

在網頁應用程式於背景執行時處理訊息

應用程式在背景執行時收到的所有訊息，都會觸發瀏覽器顯示通知。您可以透過應用程式伺服器的傳送要求，或在用戶端使用服務工作者邏輯，為這項通知指定選項，例如標題或點擊動作。

點擊動作只支援安全的 HTTPS 網址。

在傳送要求中設定通知選項

針對從應用程式伺服器傳送的通知訊息，FCM JavaScript API 支援 fcm_options.link 鍵。通常會設為網站應用程式中的頁面：

https://fcm.googleapis.com//v1/projects/<YOUR-PROJECT-ID>/messages:send
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: bearer <YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN>

{
  "message": {
    "topic": "matchday",
    "notification": {
      "title": "Background Message Title",
      "body": "Background message body"
    },
    "webpush": {
      "fcm_options": {
        "link": "https://dummypage.com"
      }
    }
  }
}

如果連結值指向瀏覽器分頁中已開啟的網頁，點選通知即可將該分頁移至前景。如果網頁尚未開啟，點選通知後會在新分頁中開啟該網頁。

由於資料訊息不支援 fcm_options.link，建議您在所有資料訊息中加入通知酬載。或者，您也可以使用服務工作者處理通知。

如要瞭解通知和資料訊息之間的差異，請參閱「訊息類型」。

注意： 如要將訊息傳送至主題，請使用 Admin SDK 將應用程式執行個體訂閱至主題。如要使用 Admin FCM API，您必須先按照「將 Firebase Admin SDK 新增至伺服器」中的步驟初始化 SDK。

在服務工作者中設定通知選項

針對資料訊息，您可以在服務工作者中設定通知選項。首先，請在服務工作站中初始化應用程式：

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀結構可分離模組化 Web API，並升級使用命名空間 API。

import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app";
import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging/sw";

// Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in
// your app's Firebase config object.
// https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object
const firebaseApp = initializeApp({
  apiKey: 'api-key',
  authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com',
  databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com',
  projectId: 'project-id',
  storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com',
  messagingSenderId: 'sender-id',
  appId: 'app-id',
  measurementId: 'G-measurement-id',
});

// Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background
// messages.
const messaging = getMessaging(firebaseApp);
messaging_init_in_sw.js

Web

// Give the service worker access to Firebase Messaging.
// Note that you can only use Firebase Messaging here. Other Firebase libraries
// are not available in the service worker.
// Replace 10.13.2 with latest version of the Firebase JS SDK.
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/10.13.2/firebase-app-compat.js');
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/10.13.2/firebase-messaging-compat.js');

// Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in
// your app's Firebase config object.
// https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object
firebase.initializeApp({
  apiKey: 'api-key',
  authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com',
  databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com',
  projectId: 'project-id',
  storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com',
  messagingSenderId: 'sender-id',
  appId: 'app-id',
  measurementId: 'G-measurement-id',
});

// Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background
// messages.
const messaging = firebase.messaging();
service-worker.js

如要設定選項，請在 firebase-messaging-sw.js 中呼叫 onBackgroundMessage。在本範例中，我們會建立包含標題、內文和圖示欄位的通知。

Web

進一步瞭解樹狀結構可分離模組化 Web API，並升級使用命名空間 API。

import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging/sw";
import { onBackgroundMessage } from "firebase/messaging/sw";

const messaging = getMessaging();
onBackgroundMessage(messaging, (payload) => {
  console.log('[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ', payload);
  // Customize notification here
  const notificationTitle = 'Background Message Title';
  const notificationOptions = {
    body: 'Background Message body.',
    icon: '/firebase-logo.png'
  };

  self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle,
    notificationOptions);
});
messaging_on_background_message.js

Web

messaging.onBackgroundMessage((payload) => {
  console.log(
    '[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ',
    payload
  );
  // Customize notification here
  const notificationTitle = 'Background Message Title';
  const notificationOptions = {
    body: 'Background Message body.',
    icon: '/firebase-logo.png'
  };

  self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle, notificationOptions);
});
service-worker.js

注意： 如果您想在服務工作者中定義在點按通知時執行的自訂行為，請務必先處理 notificationclick，再匯入 FCM 函式或程式庫。否則，FCM 可能會覆寫自訂行為。

建立傳送要求

建立主題後，您可以透過訂閱用戶端應用程式執行個體，或透過伺服器 API，將訊息傳送至主題。如果這是您首次為 FCM 建立傳送要求，請參閱伺服器環境和 FCM 指南，瞭解重要背景資訊和設定資訊。

在後端的傳送邏輯中，指定所需的專案名稱，如下所示：

Node.js

// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
const topic = 'highScores';

const message = {
  data: {
    score: '850',
    time: '2:45'
  },
  topic: topic
};

// Send a message to devices subscribed to the provided topic.
getMessaging().send(message)
  .then((response) => {
    // Response is a message ID string.
    console.log('Successfully sent message:', response);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error sending message:', error);
  });

Java

// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
String topic = "highScores";

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
Message message = Message.builder()
    .putData("score", "850")
    .putData("time", "2:45")
    .setTopic(topic)
    .build();

// Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java

Python

# The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
topic = 'highScores'

# See documentation on defining a message payload.
message = messaging.Message(
    data={
        'score': '850',
        'time': '2:45',
    },
    topic=topic,
)

# Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
response = messaging.send(message)
# Response is a message ID string.
print('Successfully sent message:', response)
cloud_messaging.py

Go

// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
topic := "highScores"

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
message := &messaging.Message{
	Data: map[string]string{
		"score": "850",
		"time":  "2:45",
	},
	Topic: topic,
}

// Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
response, err := client.Send(ctx, message)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}
// Response is a message ID string.
fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)
messaging.go

C#

// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
var topic = "highScores";

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
var message = new Message()
{
    Data = new Dictionary<string, string>()
    {
        { "score", "850" },
        { "time", "2:45" },
    },
    Topic = topic,
};

// Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response);

REST

POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1

Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA
{
  "message":{
    "topic" : "foo-bar",
    "notification" : {
      "body" : "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
      "title" : "FCM Message"
      }
   }
}

cURL 指令：

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "message": {
    "topic" : "foo-bar",
    "notification": {
      "body": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
      "title": "FCM Message"
    }
  }
}' https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1

如要將訊息傳送至主題組合，請指定條件，這是指定目標主題的布林運算式。舉例來說，下列條件會將訊息傳送至已訂閱 TopicA 和 TopicB 或 TopicC 的裝置：

"'TopicA' in topics && ('TopicB' in topics || 'TopicC' in topics)"

FCM 會先評估括號中的任何條件，然後從左到右評估運算式。在上述運算式中，訂閱任何單一主題的使用者都不會收到訊息。同樣地，未訂閱 TopicA 的使用者也不會收到訊息。以下組合會收到這項通知：

• TopicA 和 TopicB
• TopicA 和 TopicC

您最多可以在條件式運算式中加入五個主題。

如要傳送至條件：

Node.js

// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
const condition = '\'stock-GOOG\' in topics || \'industry-tech\' in topics';

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
const message = {
  notification: {
    title: '$FooCorp up 1.43% on the day',
    body: '$FooCorp gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.'
  },
  condition: condition
};

// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
getMessaging().send(message)
  .then((response) => {
    // Response is a message ID string.
    console.log('Successfully sent message:', response);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error sending message:', error);
  });

Java

// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
String condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics";

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
Message message = Message.builder()
    .setNotification(Notification.builder()
        .setTitle("$GOOG up 1.43% on the day")
        .setBody("$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.")
        .build())
    .setCondition(condition)
    .build();

// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);
FirebaseMessagingSnippets.java

Python

# Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
# to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"

# See documentation on defining a message payload.
message = messaging.Message(
    notification=messaging.Notification(
        title='$GOOG up 1.43% on the day',
        body='$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.',
    ),
    condition=condition,
)

# Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
# specified by the provided condition.
response = messaging.send(message)
# Response is a message ID string.
print('Successfully sent message:', response)
cloud_messaging.py

Go

// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
condition := "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
message := &messaging.Message{
	Data: map[string]string{
		"score": "850",
		"time":  "2:45",
	},
	Condition: condition,
}

// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
response, err := client.Send(ctx, message)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalln(err)
}
// Response is a message ID string.
fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)
messaging.go

C#

// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
var condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics";

// See documentation on defining a message payload.
var message = new Message()
{
    Notification = new Notification()
    {
        Title = "$GOOG up 1.43% on the day",
        Body = "$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.",
    },
    Condition = condition,
};

// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response);

REST

POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1

Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA
{
   "message":{
    "condition": "'dogs' in topics || 'cats' in topics",
    "notification" : {
      "body" : "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
      "title" : "FCM Message",
    }
  }
}

cURL 指令：

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "notification": {
    "title": "FCM Message",
    "body": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
  },
  "condition": "'dogs' in topics || 'cats' in topics"
}' https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1

在通知酬載中加入網頁推播資源

您可以使用 HTTP v1 API，將其他通知選項指定為包含 網路通知 API 中任何有效屬性的 JSON 物件。如果這個物件含有 title 和 body 欄位，則會覆寫相應的 google.firebase.fcm.v1.Notification.title 和 google.firebase.fcm.v1.Notification.body 欄位。

HTTP POST 要求

POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1

Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...PbJ_uNasm

{
  "message": {
    "token" : <token of destination app>,
    "notification": {
      "title": "FCM Message",
      "body": "This is a message from FCM"
    },
    "webpush": {
      "headers": {
        "Urgency": "high"
      },
      "notification": {
        "body": "This is a message from FCM to web",
        "requireInteraction": "true",
        "badge": "/badge-icon.png"
      }
    }
  }
}

透過這項要求，指定的網頁用戶端 (包括在 Android 上執行的支援瀏覽器) 會收到高優先順序的通知訊息，並在使用者與其互動前保持有效。其中包含以下欄位：

• 標題：FCM 訊息
• 內文：這是 FCM 傳送至網頁的訊息
• RequireInteraction: true
• 徽章：/badge-icon.png

Android 和 Apple 原生應用程式 (網頁覆寫值不適用於此類應用程式) 會收到含有以下內容的一般優先順序通知訊息：

• 標題：FCM 訊息
• 內文：這是 FCM 傳送的訊息

請注意，RequireInteraction 目前僅部分瀏覽器支援。開發人員應查看 Web Notification API 規格，確認平台和瀏覽器支援情形。

cURL

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...PbJ_uNasm" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "message": {
    "token": "bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1..."
    "notification": {
      "title": "FCM Message",
      "body": "This is a message from FCM"
    },
    "webpush": {
      "headers": {
        "Urgency": "high"
      },
      "notification": {
        "body": "This is a message from FCM to web",
        "requireInteraction": "true",
        "badge": "/badge-icon.png"
      }
    }
  }
}' "https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send"

HTTP 回應

{
    "name": "projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages/0:1500415314455276%31bd1c9631bd1c98"
}

如要進一步瞭解 FCM 訊息，請參閱「建構應用程式伺服器傳送要求」。